Umbona Oswiti

Maize field

Igama leSayensi: Zea mays L. var. rugosa
Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Umbona Oswiti

Inkcazelo Ngesityalo

Kukholelwa ukuba imvelaphi yombona iseMbindini wase Melika kwaye yaqala ukutyalwa eAfrika kwi Sentyuri 16 kunye ne 17. Umbona oswiti ngumbona oneswekile ephinda phindeke kabini kunombona oqhelekileyo. Yingca enesiqu esomeleleyo esiqinileyo. Amagqabi akhula esiqwini ze intyatyambo okanye itassel ikhule encamini yesiqu, nethi isasazeke kwizikhwebu ezikhula emazantsi amagqabi. Esi sityalo sithwala isikhwebu esinye okanye ezibini zombona nezikhula amazantsi amagqabi.

Imisebenzi Yombona Oswiti

Umbona oswiti utyiwa uluhlaza, ubilisiwe okanye wojiwe. Ungachutywa kwisikhwebu ze wenziwe umkhenkce kanye emva kokuvunwa kwaye usenokunkonkxwa.

Izidingo Zomhlaba Kunye Namalungiselelo

©Louise Brodie

Umbona oswiti udinga umhlaba ofumileyo okwaziyo ukufunxa amanzi ukuya koludaka okwanazo nezinongo ezanaleyo zomhlaba kunye ne pH ephakathi kwe 6 ukuya kwi 7. Qala ukulungisa umhlaba wakho kusekude ukuba utyale, okanye kanye emva kokutyala isivuno esidlulileyo ukuba umhlaba lo kuzakutyalwa kuwo wawulungisiwe ngaphambili. Malunga neenyanga ezi 4 ukuya kwezi 5 phambi kokutyala, kwamigquba okanye manyolo edingekayo ingagalelwa kulendawo ize ihlakulwe kubunzulu obungama 500mm ukuxuba iintsalela zesityalo esigqithileyo, imigquba kunye neentsalela zokhula emhlabeni. Emva koko tyala isityalo esiluhlaza sokugquma uze ugalele imbewu kwi 10mm yomhlaba ongaphezulu. Xa sele isityalo sivelile sikhula, sasaza i100kg ye LAN kwi hekthare nganye ukuphuhlisa ukukhula kwesityalo esiluhlaza sokugquma.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini phambi kokutyala, thatha isampuli zomhlaba ngokwemiyalelo yase labhorethri uze uye kuzihlolisa ukuze kubonwe iimfuno zezinongo zomhlaba. Malunga neeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine phambi kokutyala, xa sele zibuyile iziphumo zohlolo lomhlaba, isityalo sokugquma singachetywa. Kungabe sele kugalelwa izinto ezifana ne lime ukulungisa ipH, gypsum ye calcium, kunye nomnye umgquba nemanyolo.
Konke oku kufuneka kugalelwe emhlabeni ze kuhlakulwe kumhlaba ongaphezulu ongama 500 mm. Kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe phambi kokutyalwa, umhlaba uyasetyenzwa okokugqibela, kwaye oku kuvamise ukwenziwa nge disk harrow kuma 20 cm omhlaba ongaphezulu, kugangathwe umhlaba kususwe nokhula olunokuthi kanti lusashiyekile. Isichumiso saphambi kokutyala kunye nee element ezifana ne Boron kunye ne Zinc, zingagalelwa nazo kumhlaba ongaphezulu njengoko kuyalele abahloli bomhlaba. Emva koku isiza sokutyala sele sikulungele ukuhlwayelwa imbewu.

Imozulu

Umbona oswiti sisityalo esithanda imozulu efudumeleyo kwaye sinochuku kwiqabaka. Uyachuma kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aqala kwi 18°C ukuya kuma 28°C. Ukuze iimbewu zintshule ngempumelelo zize zivele ngokulinganayo, amaqondo obushushu omhlaba kufanele abeli16°C ukwenyuka. Ukukhula kombona oswiti, nokuphuhla kwezikwebu nombona kuchatshazelwa kakubi ngamaqondo angaphantsi kwe10°C okanye angaphezu kwe 35°C.

Iindidi Zesityalo

iSamurai, iGolden sweet, iStar 7702 or 7708, iParadise, iProlific kwakunye ne Challenger

Translated by Zizipho Silwana