Umyinge - Iitoni Nge Hectare Ngonyaka
Okuncinane
Okutsha: Iitoni ezintandathu (6)
Okomileyo: Itoni enye (1)
i-oli: Iilitha ezingama 50 ukuya kuma 60
Okuqhelekileyo
Okutsha: Iitoni ezisibhozo (8)
Okomileyo: Iitoni ezintathu (3)
i-oli: Iilitha ezingama 80 ukuya kwi 100
Okulungileyo
Okutsha: Iitoni ezilishumi nambini 12+ nangaphezulu
Okomileyo: Iitoni ezine nangaphezulu (4)
i-oli: Iilitha zingama 150 ukuya phezulu
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna impepho eninzi ethengiswa kwintengiso ezinkulu kwenziwa ngokuthi kukhiwe ama 20 cm kancinci emasebeni. Kwimveliso ezisakhasayo kunye nezindlu eziluhlaza kuvunwa ngesandla kusetyenziswa imela ebukhali okanye isixhobo esifana nesikere.
Ukuvuna amasebe asematsha kungaqala kwakiveki ezilishumi elinesibini emveni kokutyala izithole okanye oko kuthe kwasikwa. Ukuvuna kufuneka kwenziwe phambi kokuba isityalo sibeyi ntyatyambo kuba kungeloxesha amazinga we oli aphezulu kakhulu.
Imveliso esentsha: qalisa ukuvuna amagqabi kwangethuba kusasa xa amazinga obushushu esephantsi kodwa umbethe obuku magqabi sele womile. Nqumla ama 20 cm angaphezulu kwamasebe akhulileyo.
Imveliso eyomileyo: ukuvelisa impepho eyomileyo, ingaqalisa ukunqunyulwa xa amagqabi sele wonele alungele ukuvunwa. Inkoliso yokukhula kwemifuno iyachetywa phambi kokuba ibezintyatyambo okanye idubule. Amagqabi ohluliwe kwiziqu ze omiswe kubushushu obungama 40℃ kusetyenziswa umoya wokomisa.
Imveliso ye oli esetyenziswayo: eyona oli ingcono iveliswa ngokuthi kudidiyelwe amagqabi wempepho kusetyenziswa indlela yokudidiyela ngomophu.
Ukuyingcina
Imveliso entsha: emveni kokuvuna gcina impepho esentsha kubushushu obungu 1℃ ukuya ku 2℃. Impepho ingagcinwa iiveki ezimbini. Ukuvuna kwindawo yokuyigcina kufuneka ukufuma bugcinwe bungapha ko 95℃. Impepho iyaqalisa ukuphelelwa yincasa kwi oli emveni kokuvunwa kungcono ukuyithengisa kwaye kusetyenziswe impepho esentsha ngoku khawuleza.
Imveliso eyomileyo: Amagqabi awomileyo apakishwa kwindawo ezivalekayo ngoku khawuleza ukuze zigcine umbala nencasa. Yigcine ku 10℃ kude nokukhanya kwelanga. Impepho eyomileyo ingakwazi ukuba ikhenkceziswe kwindawo zokugcina ezivalekayo.
I-Oli esetyenziswayo: gcina impepho efakwe ebhotileni kwindawo emnyama eyomileyo kwaye epholileyo ixesha elingango nyaka ukuya kwinyanga ezingama 18 emveni kokuyi faka kwibhotile. Emveni koku, i-oli iyaqalisa ukuphulukana namandla wayo okusebenza kunye nevumba layo.
Ukhuseleko Lwesivuno
Ukhula luyingxaki kwaye kufuneka lujongwe rhoqo kwaye ukususa ukhula nokuba kungesandla okanye ngo matshini, okanye ngesibulali khula kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo unyaka wonke. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokususa ukhula kukulogquma nge plastiki okanye ngesigqumathela esisetyenziswa ukogquma izityalo ezifana nentsasa. Izityalo ezinkulu zinceda ukogquma umhlaba ngokuthi zithintele ukhula lunganoni. Ukukhofola umhlaba kwindawo engqunge umhlaba wezityalo yenza kukhule ukhula, yiyo lonto oku kufuneka kungenziwa kakhulu oko.
Impepho, njengawo nawaphi machiza avelisa i-oli anevumba elinamandla, abanenkumbi ezimbalwa nezifo kodwa kungcono ukulandela uhlelo lokukhusela izityalo njengoko kuchaziwe ngulowo usebenza ngezityalo okanye osebenza ngenkumbi nezifo kwizityalo (agronomist). Lowo uthengisa ngekhemikhali okufuphi ubanawo amahlelo alungileyo okanye akunikeze ulwazi malunga nabacebisi abakufuphi kwindawo yemveliso. Iinkumbi nezifo eziqhelekileyo zibhaliwe ngezantsi.
Iinkumbi
Aphids, Crown gall, Scale, Spider mite, Thrips kunye ne White fly zinkumbi ezixhaphakileyo.
Izifo
Bacterial rot, Leaf spot, Powdery mildew, Root rots, kunye ne Rust.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie