Usasazo
Usasazo lwe lettuce lwenziwa kwimbewu. Nangona imbewu ye lettuce ingadubula phantsi kwimeko zezulu ezipholileyo esisezantsi ngo 5°C, ngawona maqondo obushushu alungele isityalo okokuba sidubule ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhula kwangethuba kwaye ziyalingana izithole kwaye ziyalingana xa zivunwa zithengiswe kwaye ziphakathi ko 18°C kunye no 22°C.Indlela Yokutyala
Kutyalwa ngembewu ngqo kwibhedi yesityalo nokunciphisa izityalo zilingane nobungakanani bobubanzi besityalo obunqwelelekayo emveni kokuba zintshulile, nangona ingu msebenzi omninzi lo kwaye namaxabiso aphezulu.Inkoliso yabavelisi abathengisayo batyala izithole ezikhuliselwe kwindlu eluhlaza ezithi zilunge kwiveki ezine ukuya kwezintlanu emveni kokuhlwayela imbewu.
Ukutyala kwindawo ezincinci kungenziwa ngezandla kodwa inkoliso yokutyala yenziwa ngomatshini okanye ngoncedo lokutyala ngomatshini.
Ulwahlulo
Ububanzi besityalo se lettuce buyohluka ngoko hlobo le lettuce elityaliweyo kodwa ingaphakathi ko 60 000 ukuya ku 120 000 yezityalo ngokwe hektare. Zityalwa kumhlaba ongama 1000 mm ukuya ku 1200 mm kwibhedi zembewu ezine miqolo emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ehlukene ngo 20 ukuya ku 30 cm ngokuqelelana kwezityalo ezohlulwe ukusuka ku 15 ukuya ku 20 cm kwimiqolo. Iibhedi ezonyusiweyo zembewu ziye zixhomekeke kububanzi be teletele namavili waleyo ityalayo.Ixesha loku Hlwayela
Hlwayela imbewu ye lettuce kwakusasa ekuqaleni kwe ntwasahlobo okanye ekwindla xa amaqondo obushushu eqalise ukuphola emveni kobushushu behlobo.Ixesha loku Tyala
Tyala izithole unyaka wonke xa amazinga obushushu elungile naxa kungekho khephu elininzi lasebusika elizakuthi libulale okanye lonakalise izityalo. Zingafika kwisithathu izivuno ezingathi ziveliswe xa amaqondo obushushu evuma.Kwizindlu eziluhlaza, ilettuce ingatyalwa unyaka wonke kwaye ixesha loku yikhulisa ngesiqhelo liphakathi kwesiqingatha nesiqingatha sesithathu sexesha elifunekayo ukuvula imveliso yase masimini.
Ixesha loku Khula
Ezona ntlobo zine ze lettuze zinamaxesha ohlukileyo okukhula kunye nokuvuthwa.Uhlobo lwe Iceberg lettuce: Iiveki ezilishumi (10) ukuya kwezilishumi nambini (12) ukususela ngexesha lokutyala ukuya kwelo kuvuthwa.
Uhlobo lwe Butter lettuce: Iiveki ezintandathu (6) ukuya kwezilishumi (10).
Uhlobo lwe Romaine lettuce: Iiveki ezilishui (10) ukuya kwezilishumi nambini (12).
Uhlobo lwe Loose leaf lettuce: Lunga vunwa kuqhubeke kwe amaxesha ongezelekileyo okuvuna ukususela kwiveki ezintandathu (6) ukuyaphambili.
Ukuchumisa
Chumisa ngokwe sampula yokuhlolwa komhlaba rhoqo, othe wathabathwa phambi kokutyala. Xa kungenziwanga oko, ukufakwa kwe sichumisi saphambi kokuba kutyalwe ese 750 kg ye 2:3:4 (30) ingafakwa kumhlaba ongaphezulu wama 30 cm kumqolo wesityalo sezithole ukufumana isiqalo esilungileyo.Ukufaka isichumisi sesibini se 250 kg ye LAN singafakwa malunga nemiqolo yesityalo iveki ezine ukuya kwezintlanu emveni kokutyala ukuphuhlisa ukukhula kwesityalo.
Xa usebenzisa unkcenkceshelo lwe driphu, inkoliso yama fama athengisayo sele ekhetha yona, isichumisi esenziwe ngamanzi singafakwa ngoko mlinganiselo omnye ngezichiphizi zamanzi ezisetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela izichumisi ezo.
Unkcenkceshelo
Unkcenkceshelo lwenziwa ngesixhobo apho amanzi asukela phezulu esaziwa nge (overhead pivot, micro jet) okanye unkcenkceshelo nge driphu. Eyona isebenza ngcono yi driphu kuba kufakwa umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo akubikho lahleko.Zonke iindidi ze lettuce zinamanzi angama 80%, azidibani namanzi kunye noxinzelelo lokunkcenkceshelwa. Oku kungenziwa kukunga nkcenckeshelwa ngokwaneleyo, okuzakuthi kwenze ilahleko kwimveliso nokubuna. Uxinzelelo olwenziwa ngamanzi lungenziwa ngamanzi adamileyo ngokuthi kunkcekceshelwe kakhulu, oko kukhokhelela kwimeko zokunqongophala ko moya ofunwa zizityalo kwizikhondo zengcambu kunye nemeko zezifo zokubola kwengcambu.
Kulungile ukujonga umhlaba kwaye uwujongele kufuphi kwaye unkcenkceshele xa umhlaba uqalisa ukucinezeleka. Faka ii-irrometers okanye ezinye zochwephesha kwindawo yesityalo sonke ukuhlola ukufuma komhlaba yonke imihla.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie