Mabyalelo
Mabyalelo ya lettuce ya endliwa hi mbewu. Hambi leswi mbewu ya lettuce yinga milaka eka mahiselo yale hansi kuya fika eka 5°C, mahiselo ya kahle yaku mila ka mbewu kutiyisisa kuringana naku hatlisa kukula ka swimilani ku tshoveriwa naku xavisiwa yale xikarhi ka 18°C na 22°C.Ndlela yo Byala
Ku byala swiendliwa kunene hi swimilani leswi simuriwaka eka ti seedbed naswona ku hambanyisiwa ka swimilani switaya hiku tlhuma loku ku languteriweke loko swihumelela, hambi leswi swinga ntirho wukulu switlhela swidurha.Van’wamapurasi votala va byala swimilani eka ti greenhouse leswinga tava swilulamerile kwalomu ka mune kuya ka ntlhanu wa mavhiki endzhaku ko byariwa ka mbewu.
Ku byariwa eka tindzhawu letintsongo swinga endliwa hi mavoko kambe kubyala kotala ku endliwa hi michini kumbe mpfuneto wa michini.
Xipesi
Ntlimbano wa swimilani swa lettuce wu hambana na muxaka wa lettuce leyi byariweke kambe kungava swin’wana na swin’wana kusuka eka 60 000 kuya eka 120 000 wa swimilani hi hectare. Swibyariwa eka 1000 mm kuya eka 1200 mm yati seedbeds leti tlakukekek letingana mintila yinharhu kuya eka ntlhanu ya 20 kuya eka 30 cm hiku hambana ya swimilani leswinga eka 15 kuya eka 20 cm hiku hambana eka mintila. Ti seed beds leti tlakusiweke titala kuva tiya hiku anama ka teretere kumbe mavhilwa ya switirhisiwa.Nkarhi Wobyala Mbewu
Byala mbewu ya lettuce ekusunguleni ka ximun’wana kumbe hi xixikani loko mahiselo ya sungule ku hola endzhaku ka dyambu ra ximumu.Nkarhi wo Byala
Byala swimilani lembe hinkwaro ntsena loko maxelo ya lulamerile nasona laha kungariki na gwitsi ngopfu leringa dlayaka kumbe ku onha swimilani. Kufikela eka 3 wa swibyariwa swinga kumeka eka tindzhawu leti maxelo ya pfumelaka.Eka ti greenhouses, lettuce yinga byariwa lembe hinkwaro naswona nkarhi wokula wutala kuva exikarhi ka hafu na 2/3s wa nkarhi lowu yitekaka wona eka nsimu leyi pfulekeke.
Nkarhi Wokula
Tinxaka ta mune tati lettuce tina kuhambana ka makulelo xikan’we na switeji na minkarhi yo vupfa.Iceberg lettuces: 10 kuya eka 12 wa mavhiki kusuka eku byariweni kuya eku vupfeni.
Butter lettuces: Ntsevu kuya eka 10 wa mavhiki.
Romaine lettuces: 10 kuya eka 12 wa mavhiki.
Loose leaf lettuces: Yinga byariwa nkarhi hinkwawo nakuva kuta hlwela ntshovelo kusukela eka ntlhanu kuya eka ntsevu wa mavhiki kuya emahlweni.
Ku Nonisa Misava
Minkarhi hinkwayo chela manyoro kuya hi mbuyelo wa ndzavisiso wa swikombiso swa misava leswinga tekiwa kungase byariwa. Loko swingarikona, kunga cheriwa manyoro kungase byariwa ya 750 kg wa 2:3:4 (30) lawa yanga katsiwaka eka misava yale henhla ya 30 cm eka mintila ya swimilani leswaku swita kuma mpfuneto wa kahle.Ku cheriwa ka manyoro ravumbirhi ya 250 kg ya LAN swinga endliwa hile tlhelo eka mintila ya swimilani mune kuyaeka ntlhanu wa mavhiki loko ku byariwile kupfuneta swimilani ku kula.
Loko kutirhisiwa ncheleto wa drip, tani hi leswi van’wamapurasi votala vaswitsakelaka, manyoro ya mati lawa ya ringanaka yanga cheriwa hiti drip ta mati lawa tani hi fertigation.
Ncheleto
Ku cheleta swiendliwa hi overhead pivot, sprinkler, micro jet kumbe ncheleto wa drip. Maendlelo lawa ya tirhaka kahle hi lawa ya drip hikuva ya chela leswi lavekaka eka ximilani naswona akuna ku lahlekeriwa.Tani hileswi ti lettuce tingana kutlula 80% wa mati, ti chava ngopfu ntshikelelo wa mati na ncheleto. Leswi swingava swivangiwa hikuka kunga cheletiwi ngopfu, leswinga tisaka ku lahlekeriwa eka vuhumelerisi xikan’we naku vuna. Ntshikelelo wa mati nawona wunga endliwa hikuva kutele ngopfu mati laha hansi hiko kwalaho kakuva ku cheletiwe ngopfu, leswi vangaka swiyimo swa anaerobic eka timintsu kukatsa na mavabyi ya timintsu.
Swikahle swinene kuva ku vekiwa tihlo eka misava kutani ku cheletiwa loko swifanerile. Ku vekeriwa ka switirhisiwa leswi kambelaka ndzongho emisaveni swita pfuna ku kota kuvona loko misava yi tsakama kumbe yi omile.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni