Ukusabalalisa
Ukusabalalisa kwe-ulethisi kunembewu. Nakuba imbewu ye-ulethisi ingahluma emazingeni okushisa aphansi njengama-5°C, ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokuhluma ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa ngisho nokusheshisa kwezithombo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezitshalo ezifanelwe ukuvunwa nemakethe ziphakathi kuka-18°C no-22°C.Indlela Yokutshala
Ukutshala kwenziwa ngokuhlwanyela okuqondile kwe-seedbed and thinning izitshalo kuya kwesitshalo esifundekayo emva kokuvela, nakuba lokhu kusebenza kakhulu futhi kuyabiza.Iningi labalimi bezohwebo bazohlwanyela izithombo ezikhiqiza ukushisa ezizokhiqizwa ezizobe sezilungele amasonto amane kuya kwahlanu emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Ukutshala ezinqoleni ezincane kungenziwa ngesandla kodwa iningi lokutshala lenziwa ngabahleli bemishini noma ngokutshala ukusizwa komshini.
Isikhala
Izitshalo ze-ulethisi zihlukahluka nohlobo lwe-ulethisi olutshalwe kodwa kufanele lube yizinto ezivela ku-60 000 kuya ku-120 000 izitshalo ngehektare. Zitshalwe ku-1000 mm kuya ku-1200 mm ziphakanyisiwe izimbewu ezihlanganisa imigqa emihlanu kuya emihlanu ngaphandle kuka-20 cm kuya kwezingu-30 ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezihlukaniswe phakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-20 cm ngaphandle kwemigqa. Imibhede yembewu ephakanyisiwe ivame ukushiwo ububanzi bamasondo kanye nethuluzi.Isikhathi Sokuhlwanyela
Hlwanyela imbewu ye-lettuce ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukupholisa emva kokushisa kwehlobo.Isikhathi Sokutshala
Izithombo zezitshalo unyaka wonke uma nje amazinga okushisa eqinisile futhi lapho kungekho khona amaqhwa ebusika ngokweqile ukuthi ngokubulala noma ukulimaza izitshalo. Izitshalo ezintathu zingatholakala ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lifanele khona.Ezithengweni zokugcina izithombo, i-lettuce ingatshalwa unyaka wonke futhi isikhathi sokukhula sivame ukuba phakathi kwesigamu nengxenye yesithathu yesikhathi esidingekayo ngokukhiqizwa kwensimu evulekile.
Isikhathi Sokukhula
Izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-ulethisi zinezigaba ezihlukene zokukhula nokuvuthwa nezikhathi.Izinhlayiya ze-Iceberg: amasonto angu-10 kuya kwangu-12 kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvuthweni.
Amathrekhi we-Butter: amaviki ayisithupha kuya kwangu-10.
Ama-lettuce amaRome: amaviki ayishumi kuya kwangu-12.
Ama-lettuce amaqabunga alahlekile: Angagxiliwe ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside sokuvuna kusukela emavikini angaba ngu-5 kuya kwangu-6 kuya phambili.
Umanyolo
Hlala njalo ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwesampula emhlabathini okwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma kungenjalo, isicelo esihle sokuqala sitshalo esingu-750 kg we-2:3:4 (30) singafakwa engxenyeni ephezulu ka-30 cm emgqeni wesitshalo ukuze izithombo ziqale kahle.Isicelo sesibili somanyolo we 250 kg we-LAN singaba nesigqoko esifakwe eceleni emigqeni yesitshalo emasontweni amane kuya kwamatsatfu emva kokutshala ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhula kwemifino.
Uma usebenzisa umanyolo wokunisela, abaningi abalimi bezohwebo manje bathanda, umanyolo olinganayo we-liquid ungasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa ama-drippers amanzi njenge-fertigation.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kwenziwa nge-overhead pivot, i-sprinkler, i-jet micro noma i-drip irrigation. Ukuselela okunomsoco kunabo bonke njengoba nje izicelo zokusebenza ezifanele zisetshenziswa futhi ukuphelelwa amandla kuphelile.Njengama-lettuce anamanzi angaphezu kuka-80%, ayenokuzwela kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwamanzi nokunisela. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokungaphansi kwe-irrigating, okuzobangela ukulahlekelwa kwemikhiqizo nokukhwabanisa. Ukucindezeleka kwamanzi kungase kubangele ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-over-irrigation, okuholela ezimweni ezingezansi ezinkingeni zempande nezifo ezibola ezimpande.
Kungcono ukuqapha umhlabathi eduze nokunisela njengoba ukushayeka kwenhlabathi kukhula. Faka ama-irrometer noma amanye amadivaysi endaweni yonke yesitshalo ukuhlola okuqukethwe komswakama komhlaba nsuku zonke.Translated by Nsika Khoza