Vito ra ntolovelo: Lettuce
Lettuce yi ehleketeleriwa kuva yi tumbuluke eka swiphemu swin’wana swa Asia, kambe ma Egyptians vatshembiwa kuva vave vona kuva vasungule ku byala swimilani leswi hi minantswo yotala leyi xawulaka kusuka e nhoveni kuya eka leyi dzungaka ya tinxaka tale nhoveni.
Namuntlha lettuce yi byariwa emisaveni hinkwayo eka masimu lawa ya pfulekeke xikan’we nale ka ti greenhouses. Tindzhawu leti lawuriwaka eka vuhumelerisi bya ti greenhouse byive kahle swinene eka mphakelo lowu yaka emahlweni wuya eka mavhengele yo xavisa naswona byi pfune mphakelo wa vuxaka byati supermarkets leti lavaka matluka yotsakama naswona yayisiwa hinkarhi lawa yangana vutomi byo leha nyana endzhaku ka ntshovelo.
Vahumelerisi lavakulu vaha humelerisa nale ka masimu lawa ya pfulekeke naswona va endle tindlela toka tinga twisiseki kuva va tiyisisa khwalithi na xiyimo.
Nhlamuselo ya Ximilani
Lettuce yina tshindi rokoma swinene ra kwalomu ka 10 cm laha kusungulaka ku khonyana kona matluka lawa ya endlaka bolo kutani ya fuwa hi mati, ya xawula kumbe ya muxaka lowu wa matluka yo hangalaka lawa yo vevuka swinene, yoka yanga tiyelangi, yanga loloka kuya ehenhla kutani ya hlangana le henhla yanga anamangi.Lexi i ximilani lexi nyenyelaka swinene naswona matluka ya xona ya hatlisa kutshoveka naswona hikokwalaho ka mati lawa yotala yanga eka wona, ya vuna hiku olova. Timintsu leti toka tinga entangi titala kuva titshame laha ehenhla ka misava ya kwalomu ka 20 kuya eka 30 cm ya misava leswi endlaka leswaku ximilani lexi xichava ntshikelelo wa mati. Ximilani xa lettuce xa chava nyana gwitsi.
Switirhisiwa
Lettuce yitirhisiwa ngopfu eka ti salads nale kati sandwiches.Swilaveko swa Misava na Ndzulamiso
Lettuce yi hanya kahle eka misava leyinga sandy loam leyi tswongaka mati kahle naswona yingana swakudya swotala. Laha pH ya misava leyi yinga fanela kuva yiri exikarhi ka 6 na 7. Teka swikombiso swa misavaloko nkarhi wobyala wunga se fika kutani swiya hlahluviwa eka laboratory leyi tivekaka.Nhweti yin’we loko kungase byariwa lulamisa misava leswaku yita humesa swimilani leswi vuyerisaka hikuva u chela swakudya leswi lavekaka xikan’we naku ringanisa pH hikuva u chela lime eka misava leyinga tala acid xikan’we naku chela manyoro. Hinkwaswo leswi swilava ku rimeriwa eka misava yale henhla ya 300 mm kuya eka 400 mm.
Loko u endla ndzulamiso wo hetelela wa misav vhiki rin’we loko kungase byariwa, katsa na swononisa kutani u swirimela eka misava yale henhla ya 20 cm kuya eka 30 cm hiku tirhisa rotavator kumbe hariki kuva u hlanganisa swakudya leswi naswona leswi swipfuna ku fayelela maguvadi eka misava.
Ntirho lowu wuta tlhela wutirha tani hi vulawuri byo hetelela bya nhova. Tiyisisa leswaku mintila yo byala swimilani nati seed beds swa ringanana naswona misava yi olovisiwile yitlhela yi basa. Leswi switiyisisa leswaku mbewu leyintsongo yati lettuce yinga byariwa kahle kutiyisisa leswaku yita mila yirikarhi yi ringana, yi kula xikan’we naku tshoveriwa kun’we. Switlhela swiendla leswaku kuva na ti bed ta kahle loko kubyariwa swimilani.
Van’wamapurasi votala vavekela tiphayiphi letingata cheleta hi drip eka ti seed beds kutani vafunengeta mintila yo byalela eka yona leyi tlakukekek hi swondlalela swa plastic kusivela kumila ka nhova naku hunguta kuhaha ka mati. Swimilani leswi swihetelela swimila hikwala ka plastic yoleyo.
Maxelo
Tinxaka hinkwato ta lettuce tilava maxelo yo hola naswona titirha kahle loko maxelo ya minkarhi yokula yari exikarhi ka 15°C na 22°C. Loko maxelo ya fika eka 28°C nakutlula swiendla leswaku ximilani xihatlisa kukula kutani xi veka mbewu hiku hatlisa loko nhloko na matluka swinga se lulamela kutshoveriwa.Swibyariwa
Let ii tinxaka letikulu ta mune ta lettuce letingana swintsongo swa swibyariwa swatona.Iceberg lettuces: Aviram, Commander, Del Oro, Del Rio, Empire 2000, Frosty, Great Lakes, Summer Gold, Tropical Emperor, Victory, Winter Crisp na Winter Supreme.
Butter lettuces: All Year Round, Bibb, Boston na Kragramer Sommer.
Romaine lettuces: Green Forest, Green Towers, Ideal, Jericho, Nautilus, Plato na Rubicon.
Loose leaf lettuces: Grand Rapids, Merlot, Oakleaf, Red sail, Red Fire, Ruby na Simpson
Kuna tinxaka tin’wana totala ta swibyariwa, yin’wana na yin’wana yingana mabyaleriwelo yayona xikan’we na ndlela ya mahumeleriselo. Swikahle swinene ku kuma switsundzuxo kusuka eka extension officer xikan’we na vaxavi kuya hi leswi makete wulavaka swona xikan’we na tinxaka letinga kahle eka xiyimo xa mabyalelo ya ndzhawu leyi.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni