Igama eliqhelekileyo: Lettuce
Umnombo wengcambu ze lettuce kucingwa okokuba zisuka kwelase Asia, kodwa ama Yiphutha aziwa njengoluntu lokuqala ukulima esi sityalo neentlobo ezahlukileyo ezimnandi ezisuka endle kunye nencasa ekrakra yentlobo zokuqala zasendle.
Namhlanje ilettuce ilinywa kwilizwe jikelele kumasimi nakwi zindlu eziluhlaza. Indawo elawulwayo kwimveliso yezindlu eziluhlaza ilunge kakhulu kwintengiso yevenkile ezinkulu kwaye ibenegalelo kwintengiso ye lettuce kwivenkile zika wonke wonke ezithengisa imveliso esentsha kwaye, ezihambisa intengiso kwangexesha kubathengi ze ihlale ixesha elide ukuncedisana nabathengi.
Abavelisi abakhulu basayilima emasimi ilettuce kwaye benze iindlela eziphuculiweyo zentengiso ukuqinisekisa umgangatho nesimo.
Inkcazelo Yesityalo
Ilettuce inesiqu esifutshane esingu 10 cm apho kukhula khona amagqabi wayo aphindaphindeneyo abeyibhola edibeneyo yamagqabi agcwele amanzi akrwam-krwam okanye iintlobo zamagqabi ezithi zijike amagqabi afane nentyatyambo ethambileyo, enamagqabi athambileyo akwisikhondo esimileyo, namagqabi amxinwa ajongeneyo. Sisityalo esibuthathaka kwaye amagqabi ayakhawuleza ukonakala kwaye ngenxa yamazinga amanzi aphezulu, ilettuce iyakhawuleza ukubuna. Ingcambu yayo enzulu ikuma 20 ukuya ku 30 cm womhlaba yiyo lonto izityalo zingadibani noxinzelelo olwenziwa ngamanzi. Isityalo se lettuce sinako ukungadibani namanzi, kodwa kancinci.Imisebenzi
Ilettuce isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisidlo se saladi kunye nakwizidlo zesonka ezihlohlwe ezinye izinto ngaphakathi.Imfuneko Zomhlaba kunye Nokuwu Lungisa
Ilettuce ikhula kakuhle kwimihlaba enesanti emxinwa ekwaziyo ukuhluza amanzi kwaye enezinga eliphezulu loko kuzi zichumisi ezinga ngxengwanga. I-pH yomhlaba kufuneka ibephakathi ko 6 no 7. Thabatha iisampula zomhlaba phambi kosuku lokutyala ze uzinikezele kwilaboratory ehloniphekileyo zihlolwe.Inyanga enye phambi kokutyala, lungisa umhlaba ukuze uvelise imveliso echumileyo ngokuthi ulungise izinongo zomhlaba kunye ne pH ngokuthi uxube ilamuni kwimihlaba ene asidi eninzi nokongenza izichumisi nomgquba. Zifake zonke ezi kumhlaba ongaphezulu ngama 300 mm ukuya ku 400 mm womhlaba.
Xa usenza amalungiselelo okugqibela omhlaba kanye ngeveki phambi kokutyala, faka isichumisi esifakwa phambi kokutyala kunye nezinongo ezifunekayo zomhlaba kumhlaba ongaphezulu ongama 20 cm ukuya ku 30 cm usebenzisa irotavator okanye idisc harrow ukuxuba ezizinongo zomhlaba kuba oku kususa amaqhuma emhlabeni. Konke oku kwenziwa ukuze kulawulwe ikhula ngomatshini okokugqibela. Qinisekisa okokuba imiqolo yezityalo kunye neebhedi zembewu ziyalingana kwaye umhlaba ucolekile kwaye ucocekile. Oku kuqinisekisa okokuba imbewu ye lettuce encinci ingatyalwa ukuqinisekisa okokuba intshula ilingana, ukukhula kunye nokuphuhla. Inikeza ibhedi elungileyo xa utyala izithole.
Abakhulisi abaninzi baye bafake imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela nge driphu kwibhedi zembewu ze yogqume imiqolo yokutyala enyukileyo nge plastiki ukuze kuthintelwe ukhula nokunciphisa umophu. Izithole zityalwa zivele kwiplastiki yokogquma izityalo.
Isimo Sezulu
Zonke iintlobo ze lettuce zithanda isimo sezulu esipholileyo kwaye ziqhuba ngcono xa amaqondo obushushu ngexesha loku khula ephakathi ko 15°C no 22°C. Xa amaqondo obushushu efikelela ku 28°C nangaphezulu yenza isityalo sivuthwe siye kwimbewu msinya phambi kokuba iintloko namagqabi zilungele ukuvunwa.Izilimo
Ezi zezona ntlobo zine zisisigxina se lettuce kunye nezilimo zazo ezimbalwa.I-Iceberg lettuce: Aviram, Commander, Del Oro, Del Rio, Empire 2000, Frosty, Great Lakes, Summer Gold, Tropical Emperor, Victory, Winter Crisp kunye ne Winter Supreme.
I-Butter lettuce: All Year Round, Bibb, Boston, kunye ne Kragramer Sommer.
I-Romaine lettuce: Green Forest, Green Towers, Ideal, Jericho, Nautilus, Plato kunye ne Rubicon.
I-Loose leaf lettuce: Grand Rapids, Merlot, Oakleaf, Red sail, Red Fire, Ruby kunye ne Simpson.
Zininzi ezinye izilimo, ngasinye sinendlela yaso yokukhula nendlela yokuveliswa. Kulungile ukufumana ingcebiso yalowo usebenza ngesityalo nangabathengi ukuqonda ukuba bafuna eyiphi imveliso kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezilungele imeko ezithile zokukhuliswa.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie