Amakhiwane akhula kakuhle kakhulu kwindawo ezomileyo ezinamazinga obushushu aphezulu, kunye nendawo apho amanzi anqabileyo kuzo kwaye zilinywa ngendlela yakudala kwimihlaba esekupheleni, emacaleni. Kule mihla, ulimo lwamakhiwane luya lusanda kodwa ke amakhiwane akhuliswa ngonkcenkceshelo ngendlela ezahlukileyo zolimo ukuze kwande isivuno, umgangatho waso nokuba amakhiwane ahlale ixesha elide.
Imithi yamakhiwane iyakwazi ukukhula kakuhle kwigadi ezisendle, ngaphantsi kwe nethi yomthunzi, kwizindlu eziluhlaza kunye nakumatanki. Eneneni, isifundo esenziwe eJapan sifumanise okokuba imithi yamakhiwane ekhuliswa ngendlela yamatanki ingavelisa izivuno kabini enyakeni, xa kusetyenziswa indlela ethile yokucheba imithi. Ezinye izifundo ezenziwe e Mexico zibonakalise okokuba amakhiwane akhuliswe phantsi kwezindlu eziluhlaza kunye namatanki athile zivelisa ngakumbi ukuya kumashumi amabini (20) weziqhamo kunamakhiwane alinywa kwintsimi.
Ukukhuliswa kwa Makhiwane eMzantsi Afrika
Amakhiwane akhula kakuhle kwindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomileyo- esishushu, isimo sezulu sasehlotyeni esomileyo kunye nobusika obuno bushushu. Isimo sezulu esishushu esomileyo ngexesha lovuno ehlotyeni, libalulekile, kuba ukufuma kungenza iintanda kumakhiwane asakhulayo.
Imithi yamakhiwane ilinywa kwigadi ze imithi imiswe ukusuka emazantsi-mantla ukuvumela okokuba avuthwe macala emthini. Amakhiwane angatyalwa kwimihlaba enesanti, kodwa imihlaba echumileyo ivelisa iziqhamo zamakhiwa ezinkulu. Amakhiwane ayanyamezela kwintlobo zemihlaba ezohlukileyo kodwa akhetha imihlaba ene pH engu 6-6,5.
Imithi yamakhiwane inengcambu ezinzulu, kwaye ingcambu zinabile, amakhiwane ke awadibani nokhula. Xa kuthethwa ngenkumbi, amakhiwane awadibani ne nematodes kunye stem-borer. Imithi idinga umoya we nitrogen, kuxhomekeka ekuhlolweni komhlaba. Kuye kusetyenziswe unkcenkceshelo lwe driphu ; kuyacetyiswa okokuba kunkcenkceshelwe kancinci rhoqo kunokuba kunkcenkceshelwe kakhulu ngeveki.
Imithi yamakhiwane iyachetywa ngenyanga zase busika kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, inyanga ka June ukuya ku September, ukugcina imithi ‘ivulekile’ ukwenzela ilanga lingene kwaye abesezantsi ze kubelula ukuwavuna ngesandla. Xa kuchetyelwa izichumisi, umzekelo ‘White Genoa’, zivelisa amakhiwa kwangethuba okanye amakhiwane ‘breba’ kufuneka athatyathwe. Uhlobo lwamakhiwane ibreba akhula inyanga phambi kwesinye isivuno, kwizithole zonyanka odlulileyo, kodwa ke isivuno sesibini samakhiwane sikhula kwizikhondo ezithi zikhule ngelo xesha lonyaka
Ukuvuna Amakhiwane
Amakhiwane ayakhawuleza ukuvuthwa kwaye imithi ivunwa yonke imihla, ngesiqhelo avunwa kwithuba leenyanga. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nendawo, ukuvuna amakhiwane kuqala ukusuka ngo November/December kwaye kungade kufikelele ku April/May. Amakhiwane akhiwa kwakusasa kakhulu ukuzama ukubalekela ubushushu base mini, kuba oku kungenza amakhiwane onakale – izikhondo zamakhiwane ziyasuswa kwisiqhamo kodwa zona zihlale emthini.
Okona kuvunwa kungcono zintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba zivuthwe, xa zivuthwe ngama 70%. Ukuvuna kwangethuba kunceda ukuthintela umonakalo owenziwa zintaka kumakhiwane asele evuthiwe egadini.
Amakhiwane sisiqhamo esithanda isimo sezulu esithile kwaye athi avuthwe ngexesha ehanjiswa esiwa kwivenkile zentengiso.
Ukuvuna amakhiwane kuyasebenzisa kakhulu; amakhiwane atyumzeka lula kubalelekile ukuwabamba ngobunono. Imithi yamakhiwane ikhupha incidi emhlophe okanye ‘ubisi’ elenza amathumba kwisikhumba, yiyo lonto abavuni benxiba izikhuseli zandla, impahla enemikhono emide maxa wambi nezikhafu ukukhusela isikhumba zingadibani ‘nobisi’ olune asidi.
Emveni kokuvuna, amakhiwane abekwa kwisikhenkcezisi esibandayo, ayalungiswa ngobu ngakanani nomgangatho, ze apakishwe. Amakhiwane akumgangatho wokuthengisela amazwe angaphandle apakishelwa kwi plastiki ezincinci ezingama 160 grams, okanye izikhafutina intlobo ezincinci ezifana ne Ronde de Bordeaux. Amakhiwane amakhulu xa ehanjiswa esiwa kwamanye amazwe afakwa kwi treyi zephepha kwibhokisi ezimbaca.
Xa amakhiwane engalungelanga intengiso yasezivenkileni, umzekelo, xa eqhekekile okanye evuthwe kakhulu, asetyenziswa ekwenzeni ijam, chutney okanye omiswe.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie