Ilitshi azizizo iziqhamo zeli lo Mzantsi Afrika; izilimo ze litshi zafunyanwa kwi ndawo yase Florida, kwelase United States of America ezinye zisuka kwelase India, Taiwan ne China.
Iintobo Ze Litshi
Ii-litshi zohlulwe zangamaqela amathathu - Mauritius, Chinese ne Madras - kunye neqela lase China lezilimo uninzi lulinywe kumazwe jikelele.
Kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, imveliso ye litshi igqunywa luhlobo lwe litshi iMauritius. Iqela lase Mauritius lityalwa kweli nakumazwe aphesheya kwaye livelisa umyinge owaneleyo kunye neziqhamo ezingumgangatho ophezulu. Umzekelo yi HLH Mauritius.
Iqela lezilimo zama China le Litshi livelisa iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kodwa umyinge ubakumgangatho ophantsi. Uhlobo lwe litshi lase China linembewu efana nolwimi lenkukhu. Izilimo ziquka iHaak Yip ne Three Months Red.
Uhlobo lwe qela iMadras litshi livelisa iziqhamo ezintle ezimbala ubomvu, kodwa umgangatho weziqhamo awuphucukanga. Uhlobo iMcLean Red yi Madras litshi.
Izilimo Ze Litshi eMzantsi Afrika
Nangona izilimo ezininzi zivavanyiwe kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, izityalo ze litshi ezithengiswayo zikwizilimo ezimbini, HLH Mauritius (Ikwaziwa njenge Tai So) ne McLean’s Red.
Ilitshi yakuqala, iThird Month Red ingakhiwa ngo October. Inesiqhamo esikhulu ezinobume bentliziyo nezikhumba esiqinileyo esibomvu xa sivuthiwe. Imbewu inkulu kunye nenyama engqunge imbewu ethi ijike ibene bala elimdaka xa isiqhamo sivuthwa. Umthi ukhula ujonge phezulu kodwa kunzima ukuwuxoza ngenxa yokoma.
I-HLH Mauritius yaziswa kwelo Mzantsi Afrika ngo 1875 kwaye sisivuno saphakathi kwexesha lovuna esineziqhamo ezi phakathi-ukuya kwezinkulu nesikhumba esimnandi esi switi nesikhumba esibomvu xa sele sivuthiwe. Lomthi ukhula ngamandla ubane ntloko enonanyo, ethanda ukonakaliswa ngumoya.
Uhlobo iMcLean’s Red sisilimo sesibini esilinywayo eMzantsi Afrika, sikhiwa phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kwexesha lesivuno. Isiqhamo sibomvu sinendawo etsolo phezulu. Imithi ikhula inabe kakhulu.
I-Wai Chee sesona silimo sikhuliswa eChina saziswa kwelo Mzantsi Afrika ngeminyaka yo 1990. Yi litshi ephakathi ukuya kwenkulu inesikhuma esityheli – nabomvu, inevumba elimnandi kunye nembewu encinci. Umthi udibene kwaye unzulu.
Izilimo Ezintsha
Isifundo sophando ngezilimo zelitshi ezintsha zijongene nomyinge kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo onentlobo ezifana nembewu encinci. Izifundo zophando zikwa jongana nasekwenzeni umyinge omkhulu kwizilimo za phambi kwexesha nezasemveni kwexesha, ingakumbi kwindawo zaphambi kwexesha nase mveni kwexesha kwimi mandla yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika. Oku kwenza kunyuke izinga lokufumaneka kwe litshi yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika ngamaxesha imveliso incinci ngawo esuka kubavelisi base Northern Hemisphere, kuthetha ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokonyuka kwezidingo zentengiso yangaphandle ye litshi yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi eChina. Oku kuthetha ukunyuka kwemveliso yelitshi ngexesha lenyanga ka February ukuze ihambelane nemibhiyozo yonyaka omtsha kwelase China. Intengiso yase China ithanda iziqhamo zayo zibenkulu zibenombala omhle nepete encinci.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie