Mapyere ya humelerisiwile ku ringana malembe yotala swinene naswona aya vitaniwa “a gift of gods” eka Homer’s Odyssey. Mihandzu leyi yina kwalomu ka makume mbirhi wa tinxaka nxaka laha hafu yakona yikumekaka e Europe, North Africa nale Asia Minor, kutani hafu leyin’wana yile Asia. Leswi swi endle leswaku kuva na ku tlakuka ka mintlawa yimbirhi ntsena eka mapyere ya laha kaya, lawa ya vevukaka endzeni ya European Pyrus communis na lawa yanga tsindziyela nyana endzeni ya Asiatic pears, lawanga Pyrus pyrifoli.
Ku dyiwa ka mapyere swihungutekile swinene loko ku pimanyisiwa na maapula, leswi vangiweke hi ku nonoha ka mphakelo wakahle wa mapyere lawa ya vupfeke e makete. Vuhumelerisi nabyona byi sungule ku tika byi tlhela byiva eka xiyimo xokarhi eka malembe nyana lawa yanga hundza, leswinga endla leswaku kuva na khwalithi leyi fanaka.
Vuhumelerisi Bya Misava Hinkwayo
China i muhumelerisi nkulu hile tlhelo muxaviseri wa matiko mambe wa mapyere, laha vangana vutihlamuleri eka kutlula 70% wa vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo naswona 18% wa lawa ya xaviseriwaka matiko mambe eka lembe ra 2018, tani hi laha swivonakaka hikona eka Tridge. Argentina, United States na Italy i vahumelerisi nkulu va mihandzu leyi endzhaku ka tiko ra China. Argentina yina kwalomu ka 3.3%; United States yina ntsena 2.7% na Italy yova na 2.6% wa vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo bya misava.
Tiko ra Netherlands, Argentina na Afrika Dzonga ayari wona matiko lawa ya rhangeke emahlweni hiku xavisela matiko mambe endzhaku ka tiko ra China hi 2018, laha tiko ra Netherlands aririna 14%, Argentina yiva na 13.7% kasi Afrika Dzonga riva na 10.4% wa mihandzu leyi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe.
Vuhumelerisi Bya Afrika Dzonga
Mapyere ya tisiwile e Afrika Dzonga hi Dutch East India Company ehansi ka swileriso swa Jan van Riebeeck. Eka papilla leringa tsariwa hiti 19 April 1665, Van Riebeeck u tsale leswaku maxelo yale Cape ayangari kahle kuva kuhumelerisiwa matsavu eka lembe leri hundzeke kambe wayeni ayiva kahle swinene naswona ku khiwe makume nharhu wa maapula eka misinya ya ntsevu na mapyere yambirhi.
Wun’wana wa misinya yosungula ya saffron lowu byariweke hi nkarhi wa Van Riebeeck waharikona e xirhapeni xa khamphani liya hi lembe ra 2019. Ku tiyisisa ku hlayisa ndzhavuko, va City of Cape Town’s Parks Department hiku tirhisana nava Tru-Cape va humelerise nsinya lowu fanaka na lowu kutani vabyaletela yin’wana yintshwa ekusuhi na nsinya lowu hi lembe ra 2015.
Nhlangano Wa Vumaki
Vahumelerisi va mihandzu ya Pome e Afrika Dzonga va yimeriwe hi Hortgro Pome, leyi khale ayi tiveka tani hi South African Apple and Pear Producers Association. Nhlangano lowu wu tumbuluxiwe ekusunguleni kava 1970s ku hlohletela naku sirhelela kutsakela ka varimi va maapula, kutani ka ndzhaku na varimi va mapyere.
Ku Humelela Ka Vulavisisi
Kuhumelela lokukulu swinene eka tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi kuve kona hikwalaho ka kutumbuluxiwa ka Forelle Early Market Access Programme (FEMA), laha Dr Ian Crouch anga bukuta sagwadi ra Hortgro Researcher of the Year hi 2015. Mapyere ya forelle loko kungase fika nkarhi walowo aya pandzisa nhloko swinene. Aya tisa swiphiqo loko ya hatla ku tshoveriwa naswona aya karhatiwa hi mealiness loko ya tshoveriwa endzhaku ka nkarhi woleha.
Ku hlula eka xiphiqo lexi, Dr Ian u tsundzuxe leswaku mapyere ya Forelle ya khomiwa kufana na maapula. Se ematshan’wini yakuva ku hatla ku tshoveriwa mapyere, yatshikiwa ensinyeni kuringana mavhiki yambirhi yanharhu kutlula hi ntolovelo, leswi endlaka leswaku yava ya vupfe nyana, yatlhela ya nyanganya swinene hinkarhi wantshovelo. Kuva ya vupfa kuya emahlweni endzhaku ka ntshovelo hikuva ya cheriwa leswi ya sivelaka kukula, 1-methylcylopropene (MCP), leyi kunga khale yikarhi yi xavisiwa laha tikweni tani hi SmartFreshSM kusukela hi 2002.
Nongonoko lowu wu hlayisele tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi mamiliyoni ya tirhandi xikan’we naku pfumelela varimi kuva va xavisela matiko yale handle mapyere ya FEMA kuringana nkaye wa mavhiki kutlula hindlela leyi ayifanele kuva xiswona. Nongonoko lowu wupfule timakete tintshwa ta van’wamapurasi hikuva nyika ntokoto wo nyanyula wodya mapyere kusuka eka lawa yanga ‘soft and juicy’ kuya eka ‘crisp and sweet’. Lawa yale kulavekeni swinene e Middle East nale ka matiko yan’wana yale Europe.
Translated by Nchema Rapoo