Mapiere ndi kale atshi bveledziwa nahone ovhuya atou dzhiiwa sa mutshelo une wa vhidziwa upfi “mpho ya vhadzimu” Homer’s Odyssey. Hoyu muri una tshaka dzine dza swika 20 hune kha dzo dzine dza swika fumi dzi vha dzi tshi khou bva Europe, North Africa na Asia Minor, dzinwe dza fumi dzi vha dzi tshi khou bva Asia. Hezwi zwo do ita uri hu vhe na u gonya ha dzinwe tshaka dzine dza vhidziwa soft-fleshed European Pyrus communis na the crisp-flesh Asiatic pears, nga maanda Pyrus pyrifoli.
U liwa ha mutshelo hoyu ho swika he zwa sala murahu kha apula, nga mulandu wa vhukondi musi atshi iswa maragani na u swika a songo tou vhibva zwavhudi. Fhedzi zwazwino u bveledziwa hawo zwi vho vhonala vhukuma nahone zwi khou hula nga vhunzhi kha minwaha yo fhiraho, zwo ita uri hu kone u vha na mutshelo.
U Bveledziwa Kha Shango Lothe
Vha-China ndi vhone vhabveledzi vhahulwane vha mapiere vha dovha vha isa na kha manwe mashango, hune vha vha na ane aswika 70% kha mbalo yo fhelelaho kha zwine zwa bveledziwa kha shango lothe na zwine zwa wika 18% zwine zwa ya kha manwe mashango nga 2018, sa vhunga zwo vhoniwa kha Tridge. Argentina, United States na Italy ndi vhone vhabveledzi vhahulwane vhane vha tevhela China. Argentina i vha ina zwine zwa swika 3.3%; vha United States vha na 2.7% na Italy ina 2.6% kha mbalo yothe ya zwine zwa bveledziwa kha lifhasi.
Vha Netherlands, Argentina na Afrika Tshipembe ho vha hu vhone vhabveledzi vhararu vhahulwane vhane vha tevhela China nga 2018 hune Netherlands yo vha i tshi khou swikisa 14%, Argentina ina 13.7% Afrika Tshipembe yo vha i tshi khou swika 10.4% ya mbalo yo fhelelaho kha dzine dza vha uri dzi tou bva.
U Bveledziwa Afrika Tshipembe
Mapiere o diswa Afrika Tshipembe nga vha khamphani ya Dutch East India nga fhasi ha ndaela ya Jan van Riebeeck. Kha vhurifhi hu vha huna datumu ya dzi 19 Lambamai 1665, Van Riebeeck o nwala uri mutsho wa Cape a wo ngo lugela u tavhiwa ha miroho kha minwaha ine ya vha uri yo fhira, fhedzi veini yo vha yo shuma zwavhudi ubva hafho ha fuliwa maapula a 30 ubva kha miri ya rathi na mapiere mavhili.
Minwe ya miri ine yo vha hone nga tshifhinga tsha Van Riebeeck’ yo vha I tshi kha di hula kha Company’s Garden nga 2019. U itela uri zwa vhufa zwi dzule zwi tshi khou ya phanda na u tshila, vha dzi phakha vha Cape Town vho tangana na vha Tru-Cape vhabveledza clone ya miri hei ubva hafho vhatavha dzinwe dza u lingedza tsini na vhabebi nga 2015.
Tshiimo Tsha Ndowetshumo
Vhabveledzi vha miri ya Pome Afrika Tshipembe vha vha vho imeleliwa nga vha Hortgro Pome, hune kale ho vha hu tshi divhiwa nga South African Apple na Pear Producers Association. Hetshi tshiimiswa tsho tumbuliwa nga 1970 tshi tshi khou itela u tutuwedza na u tsireledza mbuyelo ya u alusa maapula, nahone nga murahu na hevho vhane vha vha vha tshi khou tavha mapiere vha tevhela.
U Vha Na U Phuletshedza Kha Dzi Tsedzuluso
U phuletshedza huhulwane ho vha hone kha ndowetshumo musi hu tshi khou bveledziwa Forelle Early Market Access Programme (FEMA), ine khayo vho Dr Ian Crouch vha thuba kha zwa Hortgro Researcher of the Year pfufho ya 2015. Ma piere a Forelle nga murahu ha hezwi o vha atshi remisa vhukuma thoho. Ovha atshi tshinyala arali anga tavhanya u kiwa atshinyala arali wa nga lenga u afula.
Uri hovhu vhuthada vhu kone u kundiwa, vho dokotela Ian vha tsivhudza uri mapiere a Forelle a dzhiiwe sa mapula. Zwino nthani ha uri ni tavhanye u fula, aya litshiwa kha muri lwa vhege mbili kana tharu, hezwi zwiita uri a vhi bve, a difhe musi atshi fuliwa. Uri asi tsha vhibva atshi ya phanda unga kona u zwithivhela nga u shumisa, 1-methylcylopropene (MCP), ine iya wanala lwa u rengisa kha shango sa SmartFreshSM ubva nga 2002.
Hezwi zwo thusa vhukuma kha ndowetshumo vho vhulunga masheleni ane a lingana na million ya dzi randa zwa dovha hafhu zwa thusa kha u tendela vhalimi uri vha kone u isa mapiere FEMA zwine zwa swikisa vhege dza tahe u tavhanya zwine zwa sa fane na zwine zwo vha wo doweleya. Hezwi zwi vha zwi tshi khou thusa kha u honolola minango ya zwikhala zwiswa kha ndowetshumo hei kha vha limi nga u divhisa kulele kuswa kwa mapiere, zwi tshi khou bva kha matete ano difha. Hezwi zwi vha zwi tshi khou todiwa nga huhulu nga vha European countries.
Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe