Ema pears etfulwa eminyakeni letinkhulungwane futsi aphindze abekwa ngekutsi "tipho letivela ku nkulunkulu" eHomer’s Odyssey. Lengati iphetselene nemacembu langaba mashumi lamabili lapho khona hhafu utfolakala eEurope, eNorth Afrika nase Asia Lencane, bese lelenye incenye ise Asia. Loku sekunike kuphakama kumacembu lamabili emapear lahlanyelwa emakhaya, iPyrus communis yase Europe kanye nemapear enyama levutfukako ase Asia, iPyrus pyrifoli.
Kudliwa kwemapear sekube yintfo yesintfu lehamba ngemuva kwekudliwa kwemahhabhula, ngenca yetinkinga ngekuhambisa lemakethe ngemapear lavutfwe kamnandzi. Umkhicito sewube yintfo lenhle kakhulu futsi ubekwa ngetulu kwengca iminyaka lemibalwa, lokukhokha ezingeni lelimile.
Umkhicito Wemhlaba Wonkhe
iChina nguyona ingulenkhulu ngemkhicito futsi ihambisa emapear, labalelwa ngetulu kwa 70% walokuphelele mhlabawonkhe bese 18% walokuhambiswako ngemnyaka wa 2018, nengoba kubonwa eTridge. iArgentina, le United States kanye ne Italy ngutona tesitsatfu letinkhulu ngemkhicito ngemuva kwe China. iArgentina ihambela ku 3.3%; iUnited States ina 2.7% kuphela bese iItaly ina 2.6% walokuphelele mhlabawonkhe kwemkhicito.
Le Netherlands, iArgentina kanye ne Ningizimu Afrika nguwona bekawesitsatfu kulamakhulu lahambisako ngemuva kwe China ngemnyaka wa 2018, ne Netherlands lehambela ku 14%, iArgentina ihambela ku 13.7% bese iNingizimu Afrika ihambela ku 10.4% walokuphelele kwalokuhanjiswako.
Umkhicito Wase Ningizimu Afrika
Ema pears aletfwa eNingizimu Afrika ngema Dutch asenkapanini yase East India lengaphansi kwemtsetfo wa Jan van Riebeeck. Encwadzini leyayinelusuku lwe nyanga yaMabasa natilushumi nemfia ngemnyaka wa 1665, Van Riebeeck wabhala kutsi simo selitulu sase Cape sasingasiso lesihle kahle ekukhiciteni tibhidvo kulomnyaka waphambilini, kepha "lewayini yaba yimphumelelo" futsi "… emahhabhula lamashumi lamatsatfu akhiwa etihlahleni letisitfupha kanye netemapear letimbili".
Sinye setihlahla tendalo te saffron tahlanyelwa ngesikhatsi sa Van Riebeeck sasisolo sikhula kuleNkapani yeTingadze ngemnyaka wa 2019. Kugcina lelisiko liphila, Lidolobha lase Cape Town kule Litiko le Phakhi kanyekanye ne Tru-Cape takhokha luhlangana lwalesihlahla lase lilihlanyela kundzawo lensha dvure nemtali walesihlahla ngemnyaka wa 2015.
Umtimba waLaletiko
Titselo tetitselo letikhicitiwe letinetikhumba eNingizimu Afrika timelelwe yi Hortgro Lenesikhumba, leyayikadze yatiwa ngaphambilini njengelihhabhula lase Ningizimu Afrika kanye neNhlangano Yemkhicito wema Pear. Lomtimba wasungulwa ekungeneni kwemnyaka wa 1970 kwentela kutfutfukisa phindze nekuvikela kufunwa kwekukhula kwemahhabhula, bese muva, kanye nalabo labahlumisa emapear.
Kugedvulwa Kwe Lucwalingo
Kugedvuka lokukhulu kwelitiko kwefika nekukhula kwe Forelle Early Market Access Programme (FEMA - iMakethe Yekucala ye Forelle yeLuhlelo Loluvumako), lapho khona Dokotela Ian Crouch awina Lucwalingo Lwemnyaka lwa Hortgro ngemnyaka wa 2015. Ema pear eForelle ngaphambilini abese abangumkhicito wenhloko. Bekaba yinkinga nakakhiwe kusacala phindze ancutfwe abekudla ngesikhatsi akhiwe kusacala.
Kuze kwengciwe letinkinga, Dokotela Ian wabona kutsi emapear eForelle atsatfwe njengemahhabhula. Ngakoke esikhundleni sekutsi akhiwe lamapears kusa cala, ayashiywa kulesihlahla kube ngemaviki lamabili kuya kulamatsatfu ngebudze, lokukhokha ekuvutfweni, titselo letinongotelako nasetivunwa. Kuchubeka kwekuvutfwa kuvikelwa ngemuva kwekuvuna ngekutsi kufakwe kwaloko lokukhulisako, 1-methylcylopropene (MCP), lokubeyintfo yentsengo lekhona kulelive njenge SmartFreshSM kusuka ngemnyaka wa 2002.
Loluhlelo lwasita lelitiko tigidzi netigidzi letimakhulu emarandi phindze nekuvumela balimi kutsi bahambise lama pear eFEMA afike kumaviki layimfica ekucaleno kunemapear langiwo. Loluhlelo seluphindze lwakhulula ematfuba lamasha emakethe kwentela balimi ngekutsi betfule lipear lelisha mhlabawonkhe batfole kudla lelipear, kusuka ‘kulelintofotelako nalelinejusi’. Loku kufunwa lokusetulu eMiddle East kanye nakulamanye emave ase Europe.
Translated by Phindile Malotana