Sele iyiminyaka engama waka waka kulinywa amapere, ayede ebizwa “nge zipho zezithixo” kwindawo yase Homer’s Odyssey. Esi siqhamo sineendidi ezimalunga namashumi amabini, isiqingatha seli nani sifumaneka kumazwe ase Europe, Mntla Afrika kunye nase Asia Minor. Esinye isiqingatha sifumaneka kwilizwekazi lase Asia. Ezi ndidi zikhulise iindidi ezimbini zamapere alinywa ekhaya. Ezi ndidi, yi Pyrus communis ethambileyo yase Europe kunye negram gram ebizwa nge Pyrus pyrifoli, esuka kwilizwekazi lase Asia.
Ukutyiwa kwamapere kusoloko kuhamba emva kwama apile, oku kungenxa yokubanzima kokufumaneka kwamapere amnandi avuthiweyo. Imveliso sele iya iphucuka ukusukela kwiminyaka egqithileyo, nto leyo ikhokelele kumgangatho ongatshintshiyo ophezulu.
Imveliso ye Hlabathi Lonke
Ilizwe lase China lelona lizwe livelisa nelithengisela amanye amazwe angaphandle kakhulu ukodlula amanye. Eli lizwe livelisa isibalo esingaphaya kwama 70% emveliso yehlabathi, kunye ne 18% yentengiso kumazwe angaphandle ngomnyaka ka 2018. Njengoko kuboniwe kwi Tridge, amazwe ase Melika kunye ne Italy ngawona mazwe avelisa kakhulu ukulandela elase China. Ilizwa lase Argentina livelisa isibalo esingephi esibalelwa kwi 3.3% ; iMelika ivelisa i-2.7% kuphela ze yona i-Italy ivelise nje i-2.6% yesibalo semveliso yehlabathi.
Amazwe eNetherlands, Argentina kunye noMzantsi Afrika ibingamazwe amathathu ahamba phambili kwintengiso yamazwe angaphandle ukulandela iChina ngomnyaka ka 2018.
Elase Netherlands belinesibalo esili 14%, Argentina esili 13.7% ze uMzantsi Afrika ubenesibalo esili 10.4% sentengiso epheleleyo kumazwe angaphandle.
iMveliso yase Mzantsi Afrika
Amapere aziswa eMzantsi Afrika yi Nkampani ye Dutch East India Company phantsi kolawulo luka Jan van Riebeeck. Kwileta eyabhalwa ngomhla we 19 Epreli 1665, uVan Riebeeck wabhala ukuba imozulu yase Kapa ibinga lungelanga mveliso yemifuno kunyanga ogqithileyo, kodwa “iwayini ibe yimpumelelo” kwaye “ kuvunwe ama apile angamashumi amathathu kwimithi emithathu kunye namapere amabini”.
Eminye yemithi yokuqala ye saffron eyatyalwa ngexesha lika Van Riebeeck ubusakhula e Company’s Garden ngomnyaka ka 2019. Ukugcina le mvelaphi nobugcisa buphila, iSebe lee Paki ze Sixeko sase Kapa libambisene ne Tru-Cape livelise omnye umthi ofana nalona, laze latyala esi sithole ecaleni kwalomthi umdala ngomnyaka ka 2015.
uMbutho Wolu Shishino
Abavelisi beziqhamo ze Pome eMzantsi Afrika bamelwe yiHortgro Pome, neyayikade isaziwa njenge South African Apple and Pear Producers Association. Lo mbutho wasekwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo 1970, ukuze uphuhlise kwaye ukhusee iimfuno zabalimi bama apile. Ze ekuhambeni kwethuba waquka nabalimi bama pere.
iMpumelelo yoPhando Research Breakthrough
Impumelelo enkulu yophando kolu shishino lwama pere yeza nokusekwa kwe Forelle Early Market Access Programme (FEMA), nalapho uDr Ian Crouch waphumelela iwonga le Hortgro Researcher of the Year ngomnyaka ka 2015. Ngaphambi koko amapere ohlobo lwe Forelle ayengumsebenzi omkhulu ukuwalima. Lali qina kakhulu xa livunwe ngaphambi kwexesha ze lingenwe yimibungu xa livunwe kade.
Ukongamela le ngxaki, uDr Ian wacebisa ukuba amapere ohlobo lwe Forelle aphathwe oku kwama apile. Ngoko ke, endaweni yokuwavunwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ayekwa emithini isithuba esongezelelweyo esingange seveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Oku kukhokelela kwisiqhamo esivuthwe kakuhle, esinencasa ngethuba sivunwa.
Singathintelwa ukuba singaqhubeka nokuvunwa ngokuthi sifakwe kumatshini othintela ukukhula obizwa nge1-methylcylopropene (MCP), nebifumaneka kwintengiso njenge the SmartFreshSM ukusukela ngomnyaka ka 2002.
Le nkqubo sele isindise olu shishino amakhulu ezigidi ze randi, yaze yalinika nethuba lokuthengisela namanye amazwe intlobo ye pere elibizwa nge FEMA. Le ntlobo iyathengisake kumazwe angaphandle isithuba esifikelela kwiiveki ezilithoba phambi kokuvunwa kwamanye amapere. Le nkqubo ivulele amathuba amatsha entengiso, ngokuthi izise indlela entsha yokutya amapere, ukusuka kuma pere ‘athambileyo amanzi’ ukuya kwa ‘krwam krwam anencasa. Le ntlobo ithandwa kakhulu eMbindi Mpuma kunye nakumazwe athile ase Europe.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana