Muxaka wa xikwavava xa nhlonge yotsindziyela wa Cape hi wona muxaka wa khale swinene wa swikwavava laha Afrika Dzonga. Wutisiwile laha tikweni kusuka e St Helen hi lembe ra 1654. Misinya ya swikwavava ayi byariwile e swirhapeni swa koloni swa Dutch East India Company, xikan’we na yin’wana mihandzu na matsavu ku phakela vaxavisi vale Europe hi swihumelerisiwa swa furexe loko vari endleleni yoya e vuhuma dyambu, laha ava xava swipayisisi na silk.
Misinya ya swikwavava ayi byariwa etlhela ka pavement (laha ku fambiwaka kona) e Kimberley hinkarhi wa Anglo-Boer war. Mpfumba raku byala misinya ya mihandzu leyi e Soweto loko kungase fika Soccer World Cup hi 2010 swipfuxelele kubyariwa ka misinya leyi eswirhapeni.
Vuhumelerisi
Tani hi leswi tiyisisiweke hiva Citrus Growers Association, Eastern Cape hiyona muhumelerisi nkulu wa swikwavava laha yingana 47% wa ndzhawu leyi heleleke ya vuhumelerisi leyi tsarisiweke yo xavisela matiko mambe hi 2018. Limpopo yile ka xiyimo xavumbirhi, laha yingana 34% wa vuhumelerisi, loko Western Cape yiri ya vunharhu, hi 11% wa ndzhawu leyi heleleke ya vuhumelerisi leyi tsarisiweke yo xavisela matiko mambe.
Tinxaka Nxaka
Eureka I muxaka wa ndhuma wa xikwavava emisaveni hinkwayo naswona hi lembe ra 2018, wuve na kutlula 80% wa ndzhawu leyi tsarisiweke ya swikwavava leswi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe laha Afrika Dzonga. Muxaka lowu khale awu thyiwe “Garey’s Eureka” hi Thomas Garey, loyi hi 1877 a hlawuleke kutani a byala ximilani hiku tirhisa xirhabyani kusuka eka nsinya lowu awu huma e Italy (kungava Lunaria) naswona awu byariwe e Los Angeles hi 1858.
Muxaka lowu wuna nhlonge yo rhetela ya xitshopani, wuna juzi yotala naswona hixitalo wuva wuri na tinyungu tintsongo. Kuya hi xiyimo xa maxeloxikan’we na ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi, mihandzu yitala ku tshoveriwa kusukela emasunguleni ya xixika.
Kwalomu ka 9% wa ndzhawu ayiri ehansi ka Lisbon, loko 4% yiri ehansi ka Limoneira na 3% ehansi ka Genoa. Lisbon, tani hi leswi na vito ri hlamuselaka, wutumbuluke e Portugal. Hi wona wukondzelelaka swinene xirhami eka tinxaka letikulu ta mune leti byariwaka e Afrika Dzonga naswona wutswala mihandzu leyinga ya xirhendzevutani nyana naswona wunga tontswi ngopfu kutlua Eureka.
Muhandzu wutala kuva wuri endzeni ka nsinya, leswi pfunetaka kuva wusirheleleka eka maxelo yobiha naku hisiwa hi dyambu, leswinga vangaka ku hatla ku tshoveriwa.
Muxaka wa Limoneira wuta kusukae California. Wutala kuva wuhumelerisa swinene naswona wuna tinyungu tintsongo loko ku pimanyisiwa na Eureka. Muhandzu wuva wuvupfe wuhelela kusukela hi April kuya eka July, kuya hi ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi. Misinya yinga tihlanganisa na timintsu tin’wana.
Muxaka wa Genoa wutumbuluka e Italy. Lowu I muxaka lowu hatlisaka lowu hixitalo wuva na mihandzu ya wona laha hansi ka nsinya, leswi naswona swipfuanaka kuva mihandzu yinga hisiwi hi dyambu kumbe ku karhatiwa hi maxelo yotitimela. Misinya leyi ayina mimitwa naswona yinga katsiwa na timintsu ta misinya yin’wana.
Agricultural Research Centre yaAfrika Dzonga yi tumbuluxe xikwavava xosungula emisaveni hinkwayo lexingariki na tinyungu kusuka eka muxaka wa Eureka hi lembe ra 1998. Muxaka lowu wuvuriwa Eureka TM, hambiswiritano, awu tlhaveriwanga hi masana hikuva wukombe leswaku awu tiyangi naswona wuchava ntshovelo loko ku pimanyisiwa na tinxaka tin’wana letingana mbewu.
Nguva ya Vuhumelerisi
Nguva ya vuhumelerisi yiva konakusukela hi February kuya eka September, kuya hi muxaka lowu byariweke na xiyimo xa maxelo eka ndzhawu yaleyo ya vuhumelerisi.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni