Ku Byala Tinyala

Makumelo ya Mbewu

Tinyala tibyariwa hi mbewu, kungava hiku yikurisa kumbe kusimula swimilani swa yona kumbe mbewu yibyarisiwa sweswo emasin’wini. Switala ku endleka kahle loko swimilani swikurisiwa se swisimuriwa kutlula kuva mbewu yibyariwa kunene ensinwini. Misava leyinga lulamisiwa kuva kubyariwa mbewu yifanele kuva leyi vevukeke naswon mbewu yifanele kuva yibyariwa himilayeni kupfumelela kuva swimilani swikota kuhefemula nokota kuva kuhlakuriwa. Foro yifanele kuva kwalomu ka 15 cm kuya eka yin’wana naswona mbewu yifanele yibyariwa eka vuenti bya 10mm kuya eka 15mm.
Nhlayo ya ntlimbano wa mabyalelo yifanele kuva exikarhi ka 1500 na 2500 wa mbewu hi 1m2. Loko mahiselo yari ehenla eka nkarhi wakona, laha kunga byariwa kona mbewu kufanele kufinengetiwa hi byasi. Byasi lebyi byifanele kususiwa loko swimilani swisungula kuhuma eka 7 kuya eka 14 wamasiku kusukela loko kubyariwile. Loko swimilani swiri eka 8mm kuya eka 9mm hi vukulu na 12 cm kuya eka 20cm hikuleha se swiva swiringanele kusimuriwa swiya byariwa. Tinyala ta masiku yokoma tiva tilulamele kusimuriwa exikarhi ka 6 na 8 wamavhiki.

Mabyalelo

Ku simula, kufanele ku endliwa foro leyingavaka 2cm kuya eka 4cm hiku enta endzeni ka misava, laha kufaneleke kuva kunghenisiwa xiphemu xobasa xa ximilani ehansi ka misava kwala forweni. Matluka ayafanelanga kutsemiwa. Timintsu tifanele kuselteriwa hi hariki xikanwe no bambetela misava leyinga etlhelo ka timintsu teto. Swimilani leswi simuriweke aswifanelanga kuva swiceleriwa ngopfu hikuva marhanga yanga leha. Misava yifanele kutshama yirikarhi yitsakama kuringana 5 wamasiku, loko swimilani se swiri emasinwini kupfumelela timintsu kuva tinghenelela.

Xivandla Exikarhi

Swimilani swifanele swiva na xivandla xoringana 8 to 10 cm exikarhi ka mintila leyinga kwalomu 20 kuya eka 25 cm hiku hambana. Leswi swiva exikarhi ka 50 na 60 wa swimilani hi m².

Nkarhi wo Byala

Nkarhi wakahle: February - March
Nkarhi lowukotekaka: January - April

Nkarhi waku Byala

Kubyala swimilani swifanele ku endliwa kunga sehela nhweti ya March leswaku swita simuriwa kuya byariwa emasinwini hitinhweti ta May na June.

Nkarhi wo Kula

Ntshovelo wuvakona exikarhi ka 180 kuya eka 230 kusuka eku byaleni kumbe exikarhi ka 100 na 120 wamasiku endzhaku kaloko swimilani swisimuriwile. Ntshovelo wufanele ku sungula loko 50 kuya eka 60 percent wa matluka se ya vunile kumbe ku wela ehansi.

Manyoro

Loko misava yilulamiseriwa kubyala swimilani, misava yingalava ku engeteleriwa hi Phosphorus (P) hi xivumbeko xa super phosphate. Himinkarhi yotala kunga laveka N:P:K leyinga ringanela kufana na 2:3:4 leyinga tirhisiwaka eka 1000 kg hi hectare naswona yifanele kuva yiringanerile. Endzhaku ka mavhiki manharhu yobyala nakambe endzhaku ka 6 wamavhiki, mpfanganyiso wakahle wa Potassium (K) nitrate (N) wunga cheriwa eka 150 kuya eka 250 kilograms hi hectare.

Ku Cheleta

Kwalomu ka 500 kuya eka 600mm wancheleto walaveka hinkarhi waku byariwa ka tinyala. Leswi swifanele kuva kwalomu ka 35 kuya eka 40mm hi vhiki. Kasi loko misava yakona yitele sandi swifanele kuva kutlakusiwa nhlayo eka minkarhi yokoma. Timintsu ta tinyala titala kuva ehenhla ka 30mm ya misava naswona leswi hiswona swiendlaka leswaku misava yilava kutshama yirikarhi yitsakama. Tinyala atifanelanga ku cheletiwa eka mavhiki manharhu kuya eka ntshovelo.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni