Mabyalelo
Ku byariwa swi endliwa hi mbewu kambe sage yinga byariwa hiku tirhisa swirhabyani leswi tsemiwaka kusuka eka xisinyani. Ku byala hi mbewu swa hlwela swinene naswona swimilani swakona swihetelela swingaha ringananani. Ndlela ya kahle iku byala mbewu eka ti trays eka ti greenhouse leswaku swimilani leswi ringanaka swinga simuriwa.
Ku byala naku humelerisa swirhabyani swa sage u fanele ku teka swirhabyani swotsakama leswinga 20 cm kusuka eka swinsinyani kutani u haputela matluka yale hansi, uswi chela endzeni ka mati laha ndzhawu leyinga susiwa matluka yivaka yiri endzeni ka mati. Loko uri na swirhabyani sworinganela leswi tsemiweke kutani u lulamisa laha ku faneleke ku byariwa kona.
Leswi switala kuva nkatsakanyo wa sandi na misava yo byalela swimilani eka xibye xa 500 ml xo byalela eka xona. Nghenisa xiphemu lexi tsakamaka eka nkatsakanyo lowu kutani u byala. Endzhaku ka mavhiki nyana switava swiri na timintsu kutani loko swimilani swa sage swimila kahle swinga simuriwa swiya byariwa.
Ndlela Yo Byala
Kubyariwa ka sage hi van’wamapurasi lavakulu switala kuva swiendliwa hiku byariwa ka swimilani leswi lulamisiweke eka greenhouse. Mbewu ya sage yibyariwa endzeni kati seedling trays kuringana 8 kuya eka 10 millimetres hiku enta. Loko mbewu yimirile naswona swimilani switiyerile swa simuriwa kutani swiya byariwa emasin’wini.
Loko swinsinyani swikurile, i maendlelo yakahle kusungula ku tsema swirhabyani leswaku uta endla swibyariwa swin’wani leswaku switaya byariwa, leswaku loko swimilani swiluzekile kutani kuva na mavangwa exikarhi uta tlhela u byala swona eka mintila yoleyo.
Xipesi
Swimilani swa sage hi xitalo swikula swiva na xivumbeko xa bolo kwalomu ka 650 mm high xikan’we naku anama ka 500 mm na 600 mm. Loko u byala, swimilani swifanele ku vekiwa eka xipesi xa 30 cm hiku hambana eka mintila leyinga 50 cm kumbe 60 cm hiku hambana.
Lexi i xitandi xa kwalomu ka 50 000 kuya eka 60 000 wa swimilani hi hectare. Kuya hi mimovha na matshovelelo, switirhisiwa na ndlela ya teretere swifanele ku siyiwa leswaku kuta kota ku lawuleka kahle na ntshovelo.
Nkarhi Wo Byala Mbewu
Byala mbewu eka ti seed trays eka ndzhawu leyi sirheleriweke kumbe greenhouse hi xixika eAfrika Dzonga, naswona e masunguleni ya ximun’wani swimilani swa sage switava switiyerile ku ringana leswaku swiya byariwa emasin’wini.
Nkarhi Wobyala
Nkarhi wakahle waku byala swimilani swa sage i masungulo ya ximun’wana. EAfrika Dzonga kuva kuri emaheleni ya August kuya emasunguleni ya September. Loko masungulo ya ximun’wana ya kufumela kuringana, ku byala swinga endliwa, ntsena loko swimilani switshamiseka loko kunga se fika xixika.
Nkarhi Wokula
Ntsevu kuya eka khume wa mavhiki endzeni ka greenhouse swifanele kuva swiringanerile kuva swimilani swa sage swiya byariwa e masin’wini. Varimi van’wana vasungula ku tshovela kusukela eka mune wa tinhweti endzhaku ko byariwa ka swimilani.
Nhlayiso wufanele kuva wutekiwa leswaku kunga tshoveriwi eka lembe rosungula tani hileswi swinga vekaka ximilani xa sage ehansi ka ntshikelelo. Ntshovelo lowu heleleke wutava kona eka ximumu xa lembe ravumbirhi. Swimilani swa sage swinga tshoveriwa kuringana malembe ya ntsevu kumbe kutlula loko swihlayisiwa kahle.
Kusukela eka lembe ravumbirhi, swimilani leswi swa tsemetiwa kwalomu ka 10 cm kusuka emisaveni hiku sungula ka ximun’wana.
Ku Nonisa Misava
Loko ku byariwa swingase sungula, swikombiso swa misava swifanele ku tekiwa kutani swirhumeriwa kuya kamberiwa. Leswi swita humesela e rivaleni muxaka wa misava xikan’we na swilaveko swa swakudya leswinga hanyisaka swimilani swa sage.
Switsundzuxo leswi landzelaka swinga tirhisiwa tani hi nongonoko lowu faneleke. Ekusunguleni kunga cheriwa 300 kg hi hectare ya 2:3:4 (31) leyinga haxiwaka kutani yi rimeriwa eka misava yale henhla ya 20 cm loko kungase byariwa swimilani swa sage. Leswi swita nyika swimilani leswintshwa masungulo ya kahle ya kuva switshamiseka.
Eka tinhweti tosungula ta 12, swina nkoka kuva swimilani switshikiwa swikula lero kunga cheriwa nakambe 300 kg ya 2:3:4 (31) leyinga cheriwaka eka mintila ya swimilani, hi nhweti ya December kumbe January endzhaku ka ntshovelo. Swa hlohleteriwa leswaku ku cheriwa manyoro endzhaku ka ntshovelo.
Swina nkoka swinene kuva kunga tatiwi manyoro lawangana nitrogen tani hileswi swihungutaka vuswikoti bya nuhelo na mafurha eka matluka.
Ncheleto
Hambi leswi ximilani xa sage xitekiwaka xitiyile naswona xitirhisa mati hi vutlhari aswi kahle kuxiveka ehansi ka ntshikelelo wa mati hikuva xinga cheletiwi kahle naswona leswi switava na xiave xo biha eka kukula ka ximilani naku humelerisa kumbe ku cheletiwa ngopfu, leswinga vangaka mavabyi ya timintsu.
Kutani, swikahle ku vekela swo pima ndzongho kuva swiveka tihlo eka vukona bya mati.
Kuya hi muxaka wa misava na maxelo, ncheleto wuta hambana kuya hi masimu. Macheletelo ya kahle yale xikarhi ya 20 na 30 mm hi vhiki hi tinhweti ta ximumu kutani swihunguteka hi xixika kumbe loko mpfula yina. Tani hi yin’wana mitsembyani ya mafurha, ringeta kunga cheleti hi vhiki ra ntshovelo. Swikahle ku cheleta hi xihatla endzhaku ka ntshovelo leswaku misava yita vuyelela yi tshakama. Swina nkoka kutshika misava yi tswonga mati na timintsu kufikela eka 5 cm ya misava yale henhla kuva yi oma kunga se cheletiwa nakambe.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni