Dinamune tse di tswina di tlholegile kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa China mme di umakilwe mo dikwalong tsa China mo bosalegaleng jwa dingwaga tsa 314 BC. Bagwebi ba Italy le babolodi ba Portugal ba anamisitse mefuta ya leungo gotswa kwa bokonebotlhana jwa India le borwabotlhaba jwa China goya kwa dinageng tsa Mediterranean ka dingwaga tsa bo-1450 le bo-1500. Dinamune kwa tshimologong di ne di diriswa mo mabakeng a tsa pholo, mme moragonyana di ne tsa nna leungo le le tlhwatlhwa le le beetsweng bahumi.
Namune e tlhamegile jaaka swetswa-mefuteng ya mandarin le pummelo. Leina la yona la sekgowa 'orange' le tserwe gotswa go lefoko la puo ya Sanskrit, nāranga, le ba le ba ntsi ba dumelang fa le kaya 'monkgo-monate'. Mmala wa 'orange' o reetswe ka leungo mme eseng leungo ka mmala. Lefoko 'orange' le ne le setse le diriswa go ka tlhalosa leungo ka dingwaga tsa bo-1300, fa leina la mmala le tlhageletse fela dingwaga di le makgolo-a-mabedi morago.
Tlhagiso Boditšhabatšhaba
Jaaka go bonwe mo go Tridge, dinamune di tshotse 50% ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ka bophara ya monamune mme fa e sale e ntse ele leungo le le lengwang go gaisa fa e sale ka 1987. Brazil ke motlhagisi yo mogolo go gaisa, e tlhagisa mo go ka nnang 24% ya 73 million tons ya dinamune tse di tlhagisitsweng ka 2017. Yona e selwa morago ke China le India tse di tlhagisang 11.5% le 10.3% ka go latelana. Afrika Borwa e rebola 1.9% ya tlhagiso yotlhe ya namune.
Mo pegelong, e e bitswang Global Market Update, palo-boleng ya thomelo-ntle ya lefatshe ya dinamune e ne e fopholetswa go 6 billion USD mme palo-bontsi go 7.3 million tons. Spain ke moromela-ntle yo mogolo go gaisa, e ntsheditse ntle mo go ka nnang 24% ya diromelwa-ntle tsa namune tsotlhe ka 2018. Afrika Borwa e rometse ntle 14.5%, Egypt yona 12.6% mme United States mo go ka nnang 12% ya seelô sotlhe. United Kingdom e rometse ntle 11.8% mme Netherlands 5.6%.
France, China le Germany e ne ele bareki ba ba golo go gaisa ka 2018, ka fopholetso ya 6% goya go 7% ya diromelwa-teng. Fa Netherlands le Hong-Kong, mongwe le mongwe a ne a rekile magareng ga 6% le 7% ya diromelwa-teng.
Tlhagiso mo Afrika Borwa
Mo malatsing a maloba, boradikêpê ba le ba ntsi ba tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa scurvy - bolwetse jo bo bakiwang ke tlhaelô e e masisi ya Vitamin C - ka ntlha ya phepô ya bona e e neng e sena ditlhagiswa tse di foreshe. Go samagana le bothata jo, Dutch East India Company e ne ya tlhoma seteišane sa dijo le dinô kwa Cape Town kwa bagwebi ba ba neng ba bolola go dikologa Kapa go ya go gweba kwa India le go feta ba neng ba ka kokoanya ditlhagiswa tse di foreshe.
Ditlhare tsa namune tsa ntlha di lerwe gotswa kwa St Helena gotla mo Afrika Borwa ka sekepe se se neng se bitswa The Tulp ka 1654, mme diromelwa-teng gotswa India di ne tsa latela morago ga fao. Kwa tshimologong, ditlhare tsa namune di le 1162 di ne tsa jalwa mo Tshimong ya Setlamo kwa Cape Town mmogo le maungo a mangwe ale mantsi le merogo. Dinamune tsa ntlha di kgetlilwe ka 1661.
Balemi ba ba ntšhwa ba ba neng ba goroga ba ne mo bogautshwaneng ba simolola go tlhagisa dinamune gotswa mo ditlhareng tsa kwa tshimologong mo Ditshimong tsa Setlamo, mme seno sa isa kwa go anameng ga tlhagiso goya kwa dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa naga. Gompieno, Afrika Borwa ke moromela-ntle yo mogolo go gaisa wa namune mo Sephatlofatsheng sa Borwa. E rwele mo go fetang 60% ya diromelwa-ntle tsa Sephatlofatshe sa Borwa. (Buisa go le gontsi ka ga Tlhagiso ya Namune mo Afrika Borwa).
Ditiriso
Dinamune di ka itumelelwa ka ditsela tse di farologaneng eleng: ka boforeshe, matute, mo go apayeng, mo go beikheng, mo diteyeng, di tsentswe mo metemeng kgotsa di dirilwe marmalade. Leungo leno la monamune le diriswa gape jaaka sejô le mo setsenyengtatsô sa madirelo, mo diphepafatsing ga mmogo le mo ditlotsing tsa letlalo.
Dinamune di tletse ka bomolemô jwa pholo. Di humile ka di-vitamin, segolobogolo A le C, diminerale, di-antioxidant le fibre. Le fa dinamune di le esiti, di na le diminerale tsa alkaline di le di ntsi tse di thusang go ntsha alkaline mo mmeleng le go tokafatsa tshidilo-dijo.
Translated by Nchema Rapoo