Amalamula asudu avela enarheni yenge-China, begodu avezwa kumalithereyitjha we-China ekuthomeni kweminyaka ka-314 BC. Abarhwebi be-Italy kanye nebe-Portuguese basabalalisa iinthelwezi kusukela epumalanga yeNdiya ukufika eenarheni ze-Mediterranean ngeminyaka yabo-1450 kanye neyabo-1500s. Amalamula ekuthomeni gade asetjenziselwa ukwelapha amalwelwe kwaphela, kodwana msinya ngemva kwalokho atjhuguluka abasthelo esithandwa khulu nesibekelwe abanjingileko kwaphela.
Amalamula athoma njengesthelo esivela ehlanganiseleni yesthelo se-mandarin kanye ne-pummelo. Ibizo eli-‘orange’, livela ebizweni le-Sanskrit, elithi naranga, ekukholelwa kobana litjho iphunga. Umbala welamula, wathiyelelwa ngemva kukobana ikutholakale isthelwesi. Ibizweli besele lizombeleza lisetjenziselwa kutlhadlhula isthelwesi ngeminyaka yabo-1300, lokha ibizo lombala lo, lavela eminyakeni eyi-200 hundred eyalandela lapho.
Umkhiqizo Wentjhabatjhaba
Njengobana kubonwa e-Tridge, amalamula asithelo esikhamba phambili ekurhwetjwa ngaso nge-50 %, begodu sele atjalwe khulu kusukela ngonyaka ka-1987. Inarha ye-Brazil imkhiqizi wawo okhamba phambili, ikhiqiza i-24% yamatani ayi-73 Million akhiqizwa ngonyaka ka-2017. Ilandelwe yinarha ye-China kanye neyeNdiya esele ikhiqize i-11.5% kanye ne-10.3%, kulandele inarha yeSewula Africa ekhiqiza i-1,9% yomkhiqizo wamalamula.
Eripotini ebizwa bona yi-Global Market Update, amalamula athunyelwa kwezinye iinarha zangaphandle abalelwa ku-6 billion USD, begodu ubunengi bawo gade kumatani ayi-7.3 million. Inarha ye-Spain ikhamba phambili ngokuwathumela eenarheni ezinye, ithumele pheze ayi-25% ngonyaka ka-2018. I-Sewula Africa ithumele ayi-14,5%, iGibhide i-12,6% kuthi inarha ye-United States of America, yathumela i-12%. Inarha ye-United States ithumele i-11.8% kwathi ye-Netherland yathumela i-5.6%.
Inarha ye-France China kanye neyeJalimani, gade kusinarha ezikhamba phambili, ngokuwathumela kwezinye iinarha ngonyaka ka-2018, lapha zathumela pheze umkhiqizo oyi-6% kanye ne-7%. Lokha inarha ye-Netherland kanye neye-Hong Kong, ngayinye zathumela hlangana kwe-6% kanye ne-7%.
Umkhiqizo weSewula Africa
Kade, abakhambi ngekempe abanengi babulawa bulwelwe be-survy egade kubulelwe egade burholela kutlhoga amavithamini C-ngebanga lokobana gade bangatholi imikhiqizo efretjhi. Ukulungisa umraro lo, i-Dutch East India Company yatlama isteyitjhini eKapa lapho, abarhwebi gade bazomba eKapa bayokurhweba neNdiya, nangale kwayo, lapha vane bathengisa khona imikhiqizo efretjhi.
Imithi yokuthoma yathunyelwa ngenarheni ye-Sewula Africa ibuya enarheni ye-St Helena ngesikebhe, esibizwa bona yi-Tulp, ekuthomeni, ngonyaka ka-1162 imithi amalamula etenini emva kwalokho. Ekuthomeni imithi yamalamula eyi-1162 yatjalwa engadini ye-Company Gardens eKapa, itjalwa neminye imithi yenthelo kanye nemirorho. Amalamula wokuthoma akhiwa ngonyaka ka-1661.
Abalimi abatjha msinya bathoma ukukhiqiza amalamula Agade atjawe engadini yeKampani le, ekwarholela ekutheni umkhiqizo lo, usabalalele eencenyeni ezahlukahlukeneko zenarha. Namhlanje, iSewula ngenye yeenarha ezikhamba phambili, ngokuthumela amalamula kwezinye iinarha. Ithumela amalamula angaphezu kwe-60% e-Southern Hemisphere. (Funda ngokuzeleko ngomkhiqizo wamalamula eSewula Africa).
Ukusetjenziswa Kwawo
Amalamula angadliwa ngendlela ezahlukahlukeneko: angadliwa afretjhi, kwenziwe ngawo Ijuzi, kubhagwe ngawo, kwenziwe ngawo itiye, akheniwe nanyana kwenziwe ngawo i-marmalade. Isthelo se-citrus lesi, sisetjenziswa nekudleni kanye nekunandiseni ukudla emabubulweni, entweni zokuhlwengisa kanye nezintweni zokuhlamba ubuso.
Amalamula azela izakhimzimba ezinepilo. Azele amavithamni, khulukhulu ivithamini A kanye ne C, amaminerali kanye nomthiya. Lokha amalamula ane-asidi, anane-alkaline enengi erhelebha ukupha umzimba i-alkaline ukwenza ngcono ukugayeka kokudla.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana