Malamula lawa yo nyanganya ya tumbulukile e Southeast China naswona aya vuriwa eka tidyondzo ta Chinese kusukela kwalomuya kava 314 BC. Vaxavisi vaxi Italian nava xi Portuguese hivona vanga hangalasa tinxaka ta muhandzu lowu kusuka e north eastern India nale south eastern China kuya e matikweni yale Mediterranean kwalomuya kava 1450s nava 1500s. Malamula ekusunguleni aya tirhisiwa ntsena eka swikongomelo swa vutshunguri, kambe sweswo swihatlise swi cinca kuva muhandzu lowu hlayiseriweke lavangana swavona.
Malamula ya tumbuluke tani hi mpfanganyiso kusuka eka mandarin na pummelo. Vito lamula risukela eka rito raxi Sanskrit, nāranga, leri vanhu votala vapfumelaka leswaku rivula ‘xinuherisi’. Muhlovo wa orenji wu thyiwe hikwalaho ka lamula kungari hikwalaho ka leswi lamula ringana muhlovo lowu. Rito ariri eku fambeni swinene ku hlamusela muhandzu lowu kusukela eka malembe yava 1300s, loko vito ra muhlovo risungule kuvakona kwalomuya kava madzana mbirhi wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke.
Vuhumelerisi bya Misava Hinkwayo
Tani hileswi swivoniwaka e Tridge, malamula ya endla 50% wa vuhumelerisi bya citrus emisaveni hinkwayo naswona hiwona mihandzu leyianga byariwa ngopfu kusukela hi 1987. Brazil hirona muhumelerisi nkulu, ri humelerisa kwalomu ka 24% wa 73 million wati tons ta malamula lawa yanga humulerisiwa hi lembe ra 2017. Ri landzeriwa hi tikor a China na India lawa hi vumbirhi yangana 11.5% na 10.3%. Afrika Dzonga ri hoax xandla hi 1.9% wa vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo bya malamula.
Eka xiviko, lexivuriwaka Global Market Update, ku yisiwa ka malamula ematikweni mambe e misaveni hinkwayo aswi ehleketeleriwa kuva kwalomu ka 6 billion USD naswona nlhayo ayiri eka 7.3 million wati tons. Spain hirona muxavisi nkulu loyi a xaviselaka matiko yale handle, rive na kwalomu ka 25% wa malamula hinkwawo lawa yisiwaka ematikweni yale handle hi lembe ra 2018. Afrika Dzonga rivana 14.5%, Egypt riva eka 12.6% kutani United States riva kwalomu ka 12% wa nhlayo hinkwayo. Tikor a United States rive na 11.8% kutani Netherlands riva na 5.6%.
France, China na Germany akuri wona matiko nkulu lawa aya xavisela matiko yale handle hi lembe ra 2018, laha ayari na kwalomu ka 6% kuya eka 7% wa swixavisiwa. Loko tiko ra Netherlands na Hong Kong, ha rin’we rive exikarhi ka 6% na 7% wa leswi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe.
Vuhumelerisi e Afrika Dzonga
Khale ka masiku, vatluti va swikepe votala valovile hi mavabyi ya scurvy - mavabyi lawa ya vangiwaka hiku pfumaleka ngopfu ka Vitamin C - hikokwalaho ka swakudya swavona leswi aswinga katsi swibyariwa swotsakama. Ku ololoxa xiphiqo lexi va Dutch East India Company va tumbuluxe xitichi xo tima torha e Cape Town laha vaxavisi lava ava rhandzele ndzhawu ya Cape kuta xaviselana na India naku hundza, xikan’we naku xava swihumelerisiwa swa furexe.
Misinya yosungula ya malamula yitisiwile kusuka e St Helena kuta e Afrika Dzonga hi xikepe lexi vuriwaka, The Tulp, hi lembe ra 1654 laha axi khome swixavisiwa kusuka e India leswinga landzela kusuka kwalano. Ekusunguleni, 1162 wa misinya ya malamula ayi byariwile e Company Gardens e Cape Town xikan’we na mihandzu na matsavu swin’wana swotala. Malamula yosungula ya khiwile hi lembe ra 1661.
Van’wamapurasi lava fikaka vantshwa hiku hatlisa vasungule ku byala malamula kusuka eka xitoko xavona xosungula e Company Gardens, leswinga endla leswaku vuhumelerisi byi hangalaka kuya eka swiphemu swohambana hambana swa tiko. Namuntlha, Afrika Dzonga hirona muxavisi nkulu wa malamula kuya eka matiko mambe e Southern Hemisphere. Rina kwalomu ka kutlula 60% wa lawa ya xaviseriwaka matiko mambe e Southern Hemisphere.
Switirhisiwa
Malamula yanga dyiwa yate tano hi tindlela to hambana hambana kufana na: loko ya tsakama, ya endliwa juzi, kusweka, ku baka, eka tiya, ya cheriwa exikoteleni kumbe ku endliwe marmalade. Muhandzu lowu wa citrus wutlhela wutirhisiwa tani hi swakudya xikan’we naku chela nantswo eka swakudya, eka swo basisa xikan’we nale ka switirhisiwa swa xikandza.
Malamula yatele hi mbuyelo wa swa rihanyo. Ya fuwile hi ti vitamin, ngopfu ngopfu A na C, ti minerali, ti antioxidants na fibre. Hambi leswi malamula yangana acid, yana ti minerali totala ta alkaline leti pfunaka ku tatisa alkaline eka miri naku pfuneta mpfuvelo.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni