Ema orintji lanangotelako layimelaphi yase China lese Ningizimumouma laphindze abikwa ngelulwimi lwema Chinese njenge 314 BC yasekucaleni. Batsengisi base Italy nebaphenyi bema Portuguese basakata leticumbi tesitselo kusuka enyakatfompuma yase India ne ningizimumpuma yase China kuya emaveni lase Mediterranean ngetikhatsi ta 1450 na 1500. Ema orintji bekasebentiselwa tidzingo temitsi, kepha masinyane aba titselo letekhwele letibekelwe umnotfo.
Lesitselo lesikhuliswe njengentalelwano ye mandarin kanye ne pummel. Lelibito lelitsi ‘orintji’ lisuka ebitweni le Sanskrit, nāranga, lapho khona ematsemba lamaningi achaza ‘emakha’. Libala leli orentji letsiwa ngemuva kwalesitselo hhayi ngalelenye indlela. Lelibito laselivele lihambile kwentela kuchaza lesitselo ngetikhatsi ta 1300, lelapho leligama lalelibala lavela eminyakeni letinkhulungwane letimbili muva.
Umkhicito waNgaphesheya
Njengoba kubonwa ku Tridge, ema orintji abalelwa ku 50% wetitselo letinongotelako letikhicitwa mhlabawonkhe phindze kube nguwo lalinywe kakhulu kusuka ngemnyaka wa 1987. I-Brazil nguyona ikhokhe lokukhulu, ikhokha dvute na 24% we Tigidzi letimashumi lasikhombisa nakutsatfu emathani ema orintji lakhicitwe ngemnyaka wa 2017. I-Landzelwa yi China kanye ne India lengenhlonipho kubalelwa ku 11.5% na 10.3%. I-Ningizimu Afrika ifakela nga 1.9% ngema orintji nasaphelele lakhicitiwe.
Kumphumela, lobitwa Ngembiko Wemakethe Mhlabawonkhe, lokuhanjiswa mhlabawonkhe kwelizinga lwema orintji kwacatjangwa kutsi kuhambela ku 6 billion nge USD kanye nelizinga leliku 7.3 million lwemathani. Spain ngusona sihambisa lokukhulu, lokubalelwa kulokucishe kufike ku 25% kwawo onkhe ema orintji lahanjiswa ngemnyaka wa 2018. I-Ningizimu Afrika ibalelwa ku 14.5%, Egypt ku 12.6% bese iUnited States icishe ifike ku 12% wesisindvo lesiphelele. Le United States ibalelwa ku 11.8% bese iNetherlands ibalelwa ku 5.6%.
I-France, iChina ne Germany kwakunguwona lasetulu ngekungenisa ngemnyaka wa 2018, nekubekiswa kwa 6% kuya ku 7%. Ibe iNetherlands ne Hong Kong, ngakuyne kubalelwa emkhatsini wa 6% na 7% walogungeniswako.
Umkhicito Wase Ningizimu Afrika
Ngetikhatsi takudzala, labaningi labahamba ngemikhumbi bafa babulawa - sifo lesivela ngekungabi na vitamin C - ngenca yekudla kwabo lobekushoda ngetitselo letisetinsha. Nakukhulunywa ngalenankinga ema Dutch ase East India kuleyo Nkampani leyasungula siteshi sekudla lokusha eCape Town lapho khona batsengisi labagegelete le Cape kwentela kutsengisa ne India kanye nangetulu kuloko, bangacupha khona lokusha lokukhicitiwe.
Letihlahla tekucala tema orintji tangeniswa tisuka eSt Helena kuta eNingizimu Afrika ngemkhumbi lowawubitwa, nge The Tulp, ngemnyaka wa 1654 netintfo tekugeniswa kusuka eIndia kulandzela ngemuva kwaloko ngekushesha. Kahlekahle, tihlahla tema orintji letiyinkhulungwane nelikhulu nemashumi lasitfupha nakubili tahlanyelwa kule Nkampani yeNgadze lese Cape Town kanye naletinye titselo letiningi netibhidvo. Ema orintji ekucala akhiwa ngemnyaka wa 1661.
Balimi labasha labefikako ngekushesha bacala kukhicita ema orintji lasuka esitokweni lesingiso ku Nkampani Yetingadze, lokukhokha umkhicito losakatwa kutincenye tetindzawo letehlukene eveni. Namuhla, iNingizimu Afrika nguyona lenkhulu lehambisako ku Southern Hemisphere. Ibalela ngetulu kwa 60% walokuhanjiswako kwase Southern Hemisphere. (Fundza kabanti ngeMkhicito wema Orintji eNingizimu Afrika.)
Kusetjentiswa
Ema Orintji angadliwa ngetindlela letiningi letibitwa nge: busha bawo, ngekwentiwa ijusi, nakuphekwa, ngakubhakwa, etiyeni, nakafakwe etikoteleni noma entiwe imamalade. Lesisitselo lesinongotelako siphindze sisetjentiswe njengekudla phindze njengesinongo, ekuklineni kanjalo nasetintfweni tebuso.
Ema Orintji apakishwa kwentela kutfola kuphila. Avutsiwe ngema vitamin, ikakhulu A na C, ema mineral, ema antioxidants kanye ne fibre. Abe ema orintji ane esidi, ane alkaline leningi lesita kutsi kunciphiseke ialkaline emtimbeni phindze kutfutfuke indlla yekugaya emtimbeni.
Translated by Phindile Malotana