Ama-Orenji aswiti aqala ukukhula eMzantsi-mpuma welizwe lase China. Kwaye kuyathethewa ngawo kwizibhalo zeminyaka yama 314 BC. Abathengisi base Italy nabama Portuguese banwenwisa esi siqhamo ukusuka emntla-mpuma welase India kunye no mzantsi-mpuma China ukuya kumazwe e Mediterranean malunga neminyaka yoo 1450 neyama 1500. Ama-Orenji ayeqale asetyenziswa njengamayeza kuphela. Kodwa akhawuleza aba sisiqhamo esityiwa zizinhanha kuphela.
I-Orenji laveliswa ngokudityaniswa izityalo ze mandarin kunye ne pummelo. Igama lalo lesiNgesi elithi ‘orange’ lathathwa kwigama lolwimi lwe Sanskrit elithi nāranga. Uninzi lukholelwa ukuba eligama lithetha ivumba elimyoli. Umbala u-orenji wathiywa ngegama lesi siqhamo. Eli gama kwakusele kubizwa ngalo esi siqhamo ngeminyaka yoo 1300, logama elombala lavela kuphela emva kweminyaka engamkhulu amabini.
Imveliso ye Hlabathi Jikelele
Njengoko kubokwi kwi Tridge, ama orenji abalelwa kuma 50% emveliso ye citrus iphela. Kwaye sesona siqhamo silinywayo ukusukela ngomnyaka ka 1987. Ilizwe lase Brazil lelona likhulu kwimveliso yesi siqhamo. Livelise isibalo esimalunga nama 24% esibalo sezigidi ezingama 73 eetoni ama orenji ngomnyaka ka 2017. Esi sibalo silandelwa ngamazwe ase China kunye ne India navelise i11.5% kunye ne 10.3%. Ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika linegalelo eliyi 1.9% kwimveliso yama orenji epheleleyo yehlabathi liphela.
Kwingxelo ebizwa nge Global Market Update, ixabiso lemveliso ethengiswa kumazwe angaphandle lalithekelelwa kwisibalo esimalunga ne 6 billion USD kunye nomlinganiselo oyi 7.3 million tons. Ilizwe lase Spain nalo lihamba phambili kwisibalo sentengiso yamazwe angaphandle, ibine sibalo esiqikelelwa kuma 25% ngomnyaka ka 2018. Ze wona uMzantsi Afrika ubene sibalo esili 14.5%, Egypt esiyi 12.6% ze iMelika ibene 11.8% wenani elipheleleyo, ze ilizwe lase Netherlands libene 5.6%.
Ilizwe lase France, China kunye nase Germany yayingamazwe ahamba phambili ekuthengeni iimveliso zama-orenji kwamanye amazwe ngomnyaka ka 2018, ngesibalo esiqikelelwa kwi 6% ukuya kwi 7% yemveliso zangaphandle. Logama ilizwe lase Netherlands kunye ne Hong Kong, libe nezibalo eziphakathi kwe 6% kunye ne 7% entenga yamazwe angaphandle ilizwe ngalinye.
Imveliso eMzantsi Afrika
Ngamaxesha akudala, abantu abaninzi ababehamba ngeenqanawe babebulawa sisifo se scurvy- isigulo esibangelwa kukungabikho kwe vithamin C emzimbeni. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba ukutya kwabo kwakuneziqhamo nemifuno. Ukulungisa le ngxaki, kwasekwa inkampani eyi Dutch East India Company eKapa. Le nkampani yaba sisikhululo sokuthenga iziqhamo nemifuno, nalapho abathengi ababejikeleza iKoloni ukunaniselana nelizwe lase India kunye namanye amazwe babefumana ithuba lokuthenga iziqhamo nemifuno.
Imithi yokuqala yama orenji yaziswa eMzantsi Afrika isuka e St Helena. Le mithi yayikwisikhephe esibizwa nge Tulp, ngomnyaka ka 1654 kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisuka kwilizwe lase India kanye emva koko. Ekuqaleni, kwatyalwa imithi engama 1162 kwi Company Gardens eKapa, kwakunye nezinye iziqhamo ezininzi kunye nemifuno. Ama-Orenji okuqala akhiwa ngomnyaka ka 1661.
Amafama amatsha ayefika akhawuleza alima ama-orenji, esebenzisa imbewu esuka eCompany Gardens. Oku kwakhokelela ekunwenweni kwemveliso yama-orenji kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe. Namhlanje, ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika lihamba phambili ekuthengiseni esi siqhamo kwamanye amazwe akwi Southern Hemisphere. Sisibalo esingaphaya kwama 60% eemveliso ezithengiselwa amazwe akwi Southern Hemisphere. (Funda kabanzi ngemveliso zama-orenji eMzantsi Afrika).
Imisebenzi
Ama-Orenji angonwatyelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Asenoku tyiwa enjalo, enziwe ijusi, kuphekwe ngawo, ekubhakeni, kwi ti, ankonkxwe okanye kwenziwe ngawo imarmalade. Esi siqhamo se citrus sikwasetyenziswa njengokukutya, nasekwenzeni isiqholo kwizinto zokucoca okanye kwiimveliso zobuso.
Ama-Orenji anemivuzo emininzi esempilweni. Azele zii vithami, ingakumbi u-A kunye no C, minerali, antioxidant kunye ne faybha. Logama ama-orenji ene aside, akwane minerali ezininzi ze alkaline ezinceda ekususeni ii-alkaline emzimbeni aphucule nokucoleka kokutya esisweni.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana