Amawolintshi amnandi avela eSoutheast China futhi kwakhulunywa ngawo ezincwadini zamaShayina ekuqaleni kuka-314 BC. Abathengisi base-Italy kanye nabahamba ngomkhumbi abangamaPutukezi basakaza izinhlobo zezithelo ukusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya kanye nasempumalanga mpumalanga yeChina kuya emazweni aseMedithera ngawo-1450 kanye no-1500s. Amawolintshi ekuqaleni ayesetshenziselwa ukwelapha kuphela, kepha ngokushesha kwaba isithelo esiyigugu esibekelwe abacebile.
Iwolintshi lakhula njenge-hybrid ephuma kwi-mandarin ne-pummelo. Igama elithi 'i-orange' lisuselwa egameni le-Sanskrit, elithi náranga, ukuthi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lisho 'iphunga elimnandi'. Umbala wewolintshi waqanjwa ngemuva kwesithelo hhayi enye indlela. Leli gama selivele lisakazwa ukuchaza isithelo ngawo-1300s, kanti igama lombala lavela kuphela eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili kamuva.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamanye Amazwe
Njengoba kubonwe eTridge, amawolintshi enza ama-50% womkhiqizo wamawolintshi emhlabeni jikelele futhi bebelokhu eyisithelo esitshalwa kakhulu kusukela ngo-1987. I-Brazil iyisakhiqizi esikhulu kunazo zonke, ikhiqiza cishe ama-24% amathani ayizigidi ezingama-73 amawolintshi akhiqizwe ngonyaka we-2017. Lokhu kulandelwa yiChina neNdiya ebala ngokulandelana ngo-11.5% no-10.3%. I-Ningizimu Afrika inikela ngamaphesenti angama-1.9 ekukhiqizweni kuka-orange okuphelele.
Embikweni obizwa ngokuthi yiMakethe Yomhlaba wonke, ukuvuselelwa kwenani lomhlaba wonke kwamawolintshi kulinganiselwa cishe ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamaRandi kanye nenani ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-7.3. I-Spain iyithumela kakhulu kunakuqala, ilinganiselwa cishe ku-25% wazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eziwolintshi ngo-2018. I-Ningizimu Afrika yabalelwa ku-14,5%, iGibhithe ngo-12,6% kanye naseMelika cishe icishe ibe ngu-12% wevolumu yonke. I-United States ibalwe ngo-11.8% kuthi iNetherlands ibe ngu-5.6%.
I-France, China kanye neJalimane bekungabangenisi abakhulu kakhulu ngonyaka we-2018, ngokulingana kwama-6% kuya ku-7% wokungenisa ngaphakathi ezweni. Ngenkathi iNetherlands neHong Kong, ngayinye ibalwa phakathi kwe-6% ne-7% yokuthekelisa.
Ukukhiqiza eNingizimu Afrika
Emuva ezinsukwini zakudala, amatilosi amaningi abulawa yi-scurvy - ukugula okuvela ngenxa yokushoda ngokweqile kweVitamin C - ngenxa yokudla kwawo ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo emisha. Ukubhekana nale nkinga, iDutch East India Company isungule isiteshi sokuvuselela izinto eKapa lapho abathengisi ababezungeza iKapa ukuhweba neNdiya nangaphesheya, bangagcinela umkhiqizo omusha.
Izihlahla zokuqala zika-orange zangeniswa zivela eSt Helena zayiswa eSouth Africa ngesikebhe esibizwa ngokuthi, yi-The Tulp, ngo-1654 zivela ezweni laseNdiya ngemuva nje kwalokho. Kuqala, izihlahla zamawolintshi eziyi-1162 zatshalwa eCompany Gardens eCape Town kanye nezinye izithelo nemifino eminingi. Amawolintshi okuqala akhethwa ngo-1661.
Abalimi abasha abafikayo ngokushesha baqala ukukhiqiza amawolintshi besitoko sokuqala eCompany Gardens, okuholele ekutheni umkhiqizo ukhiqizwe ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe. Namuhla, iNingizimu Afrika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wewolintshi kule Ningizimu Ntshonalanga. Ibika ngaphezu kuka-60% wokukhipha okwenziwa emazweni aseNingizimu ne-Hemisphere. (Funda kabanzi nge-Orange Production eNingizimu Afrika).
Imisebenzi
Amawolintshi angajatshulelwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene okuwukuthi: okusha, ujusi, ukupheka, ukupheka, itiye, okusemathinini noma kwenziwa ama-marmalade. Lesi sithelo sikamawolintshi sisetshenziswa futhi njengokudla naku-flavourant yezimboni, ezindlini zokuhlanza kanye nasemikhiqizweni yobuso.
Amawolintshi agcwele izinzuzo zezempilo. Ucebile ngamavithamini, ikakhulukazi u-A no-C, amaminerali, ama-antioxidants kanye ne-fibre. Ngenkathi amawolintshi e-acidic, enamaminerali amaningi we-alkaline asiza ukukhipha umzimba futhi enze ngcono ukugaya.
Translated by Nsika Khoza