Kukhona nalamanye lamaningi ‘iSolanums’ kulomndeni, futsi lenakeka kakhulu yi Solanum nigrum (umtfuntfiwakusihlwa noma ligumencelaphoyizini), iSolanum tubersum (lizambane) ne Solaanum lycopersicum (litamatisi).
‘Umtfuntiwakusihlwa’ itfwele emacembu lamaningi kantsi ne taxonomy yawo ihlangahlangene. eNingizimu Afrika iS. Americanum, iS. Nigrum kanye ne S. retroflexum nguwona macembu asetjentiswa kakhulu.
Umntfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama ukhula ube ngemasentimitha lamashumi lasikhombisa nesihlanu ngekuya etulu bese wakha lihlashana leliyindingilizi nemahlanga lasa lukhwebeletana kanye nemacembe lasamphunga-luhlata. Timbali tilula netincenye tawo letimhlophe kanye nemkhatsi lomtfubi lokhokha emagungumence laluhlata, labese ayagucuka aba ngulukhwebeletana-abemunyama nasekavutsiwe.
Lamagungumence, emacembe lamasha kanye nalokutihloko lokutsambile kungadliwa. Ungaphambatisi iSolanum emagungumence eSolanum retroflexum nalawo lafile emtfuntiwakusihlwa (iAtropa belladonna). Lamagungumence lafako emtfuntiwakusihlwa ayamanyatela bese timbali tawo tilukhwebeletana, atisiko mhlophe.
Indlela yeku Bulala Umntfuntiwakusihlwa Lomnyama
Umntfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama, njengesitjalo kulula kusihlanyela, sihlanyeleka kahle nasitindumbu bese siphindze sihlanyelwe ngesitjalo lesisesincane. Kuhlanyelwa kwe mntfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama ngetihlahlana letincane ungakhokha sivuno setitselo ta kg/m2. Ungamelana imihlabatsi leminingi, kanye netindzawo letilukhuni kepha icolela umhlabatsi lontofontofo. Ungakhula nasendzaweni lenemtfunti.Lucwalingo lukhombise kutsi umtfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama udzinga initrogen (N) kanye ne phosphorus (P). Loku kungafakwa ngendlela yekhemikhali yekuvundzisa, kufaa ne 2:3:2 noma 3:2:1. Ngelizinga la 40 g/m. linani lelingilo lenkomishiyelitiya itsatsa lokungaba ngu 200 g wekuvundzisa kwentela kutsi loku kuvale 5 m. Faka sivundziso emalayinini bese uhlanganisa nemhlabatsi ngaphambi uhlanyele. Litiko Letekulima, Lemahlatsi kanye Nekudvweba linconota lolokulandzelako: nawusebentisa umcuba wetilwane tekufuywa noma wetingulube faka libhakede lemalitha lalishumi kundvundvuma lengaba ngemasentimitha lamashumi lamabili ngebubanti kulokudze lokulishumi nesihlanu ngemamitha.. linani lelifanako lamanyolo lisetjentiswa ngisho nakubomanyolo besibaya kwentela kuvala indzawo yebudze lengemamitha lasihlanu.
Nasewucedzile kuhlanyela vala lombhedze ngalokumacembe lafile nalokufana netjani lobomile kwentela kubamba kufutfumala. Noma umtfuntiwakusihlwa unganankinga nesimo sesomiso, udzinga emanti njengoba loku kutotfutfukisa kukhokha kwawo – cishe emalitha lamane ku 1 m².
Umuhlwa wemtfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama, tintfutfwane, kanye netilwanyana letincane kakhulu letimunya ijusi esitjalweni, emacaterpillar, tintsetse kanye nemabhungane, kuphetfwe kuguculwa kwenhlanyelo noma lutfuli lwesigodvo loluvuvutelwe emacembeni. Khetsa titjalo letifana na anyanisi kanye ne garlic, lekuyintfo yendalo lehambisa-emabhungane landizako.
Umntfutiwakusihlwa lomnyama uyincelencele kusifo lesibulala titjalo (sifo lesisheshe sicale, sifo selicembe), kugula, lokufana nekugocana kwelicembe, umtsambo lomtfubi, kanjalo nemuhlwa lomphunga kanye naloyimphuphu. Simo sekukhula lokugadziwe kanye nesimo lesihle semhlabatsi singasita ngekunciphisa tifo.
Sibonelo Lesihle Sekwenta
Emahekitha langabamabili emtfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama lowahlanyelwa epulazini ngekwentsengo emkhatsini wa Memel na Newcastle. Tihlahlana letincane tahlanyela futsi ekupheleni kwe Mphala emilayinini lemibili kumbhedze munye. Imibhedze yayimamitha lasihlanu ngemkhatsi kwentela kuvumela emakhemikhali elukhula. Lilayini ngalinye lalinendlela yekunisela futsi levalwe ngeliseyili leplasitiki lelinetimbobo kwentela letitjalo letincane. Kusakata lokuvunwa kwemagungumence, titjalo letisentincane tatihlanyelwa esikhatsini semaviki lamatsatfu. Kukhokha kwawo kwakuba ngu t/ha, kepha sikhala lesisondzelene singakhokha lokungaba ngemathani langu 2.5 wemagungumencee ngelihekitha linye.Besifazane basendzaweni bakha lamagilebisi-ngesandla bese bayanikwa lokuncane ngekukha lonkhe likilogram. Labojamu (ngesiBhunu ‘nastergal konfyt’) abetsengiswa njenge Umsobo, ligama lesiZulu lemtfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama.
Indlela Yekudla Umtfuntiwakusihlwa Lomnyama
Indlela lencono yekuvuna emacembe emtfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama kutsi ujube lesihloko sonkhe, njengoba loko kwenta kutsi kukhule. Kuvuna lokutayelekile kwetihloko letincane kantsi nekuhluma lokuncane kukhutsata tihloko phindze kukhulise sikhatsi sekuvuna.Emacembe angavunwa aze lamagungumence acale kuvela. Ngemuva kwaloko, emacembe abanekucina. Uma asetjentiswa njengesibhidvo semacembe, lamacembe kanye naletihloko temtfuntiwakusihlwa kuyavunwa bese kuyaphekwa kepha lamacembe angadliwa aluhlata. Lamacembe laphekiwe avama kuphakelwa njengekudla lokugadziwe.
Iphoyizini yawo ayibonakali kahle kepha lolokulluhlata (lokungakavutfwa) emagungumence latfwele isolanine, leyenta phoyizini lomningi. Emagungumence akhiwa – ngesandla uma asalukhwebeletane kuya kumnyama, ikakhulu kusukela nga Bhimbidvwane kuya ku Mabasa. Lamagungumene kumele adzinga kukhiwa ngaphandle kwalolokucinile (lokusankomishi lokungaphandle lokucinile; lokulicembe’ leligungumence) noma kungasuswa ngaphambi kwekutsi ukupheke. (Bamba lamagungumene bese udvonsa lolokucinile lokusemaceleni.) Lalmagungumence angadliwa aluhlata noma aphekiwe, kepha lesinongo sikhula ngalokuphekwa.
Lesitselo satfolwa kutsi simunandzi kakhulu noma nje sisincane kunaleso se Solanum nigrum var. guineense, yona inesinongo lesinongotela kakhulu. Lamagungumence avama kusetjentiswa ekwakheni jamu, lekuyitfo lengakajwayeleki futsi ngalesinye sikhatsi atfolwa lapho kunekudla lokuningi khona lokukahle epulazini. Lomtfuntiwakusihlwa lomnyama wemagungumene ungaphindze usetjentiswe njenge salsa noma kwekunonga isaladi: yengeta emagungumence emtfuntiwakusihlwa lasiliwe kugarlic ye sautéed kanye na anyanisi, tinhlavu te caraway kanye ne sesame, oyili we olive kanye navinegar we balsamic. Sebentisa nemacembe emtfuntiwakusihlwa esautéedd bese ucedzela nge feta.
Nomangalenye indlela, faka ngetulu kwemfishi, leluhlata.
Kusetjentiswa kwe Mtfuntiwakusihlwa njenge Mutsi
Lamacembe angasetjentiswa njengentfo yekwelapha tilondza tesifo samdlavuza, tilondza kanye ne leucoderma (lapho khona simo lelibala lilahlekile etindzaweni tesikhumba, lokwenta emabala lamhlophe).
Lucwalingo luvuma kutsi iSolanum nigrum inetindzawo tekungabi ne herper. Kusetjentiswa ekunciphiseni kufoma, liphilisi lebuhlungu kanye nemutsi lokwenta wehlise umoya, kepha akukacaci kahle noma kuyangena ku Solanum retroflexum.
Umbhalo: Kuvuna titjalo tesiganga letidliwako kungaba yingoti futsi kumele kwenteke ngendlela yelwati. Bantfu labete lwati bangagula noma bafe ngekudla sitjalo lesingasiso.
Inchazelo Yemutsi
Lwati lwalemfundvo kanye netidzingo telwati kuphela ngekutsi kungahle kungatsatfwa njengekucebisa ngekwemutsi. Lolwati alukahlelwa kutsi lumelele kucebisa ngekwemutsi noma kwelapha lokunikwa tati letibuke temphilo.
Translated by Phindile Malotana