Zininzi nezinye ii ‘Solanums’ kolusapho lwezityalo, ezona ziqaphelekayo yi Solanum nigrum (eqhelekileyo yi nightshade okanye poisonberry), Solanum tuberosum (izambane) kunye ne Solanum lycopersicum (itomato). ‘Nightshade’ inentlobo ezininzi kwaye intsobi yayo inobunzima. eMzantsi Afrika, i-S.americanum, S. nigrum kunye ne retroflexum zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswayo kakhulu.
iBlack nightshade ikhula ukuyokuma ku 75 cm ubude kwaye yenza ihlathi elingqukuva elimfusa ngombala kwisiqu namagqabi amdaka (grey). Intyatyambo ziqhelekile zimhlophe phezulu, ze phakathi zibe tyheli kwaye zivelisa amaqunube ahlaza, aye atshintshe abengumbala omfusa-mnyama kodwa ongacaciyo xa sele uvuthiwe. La maqunube, namagqabi awo asematsha namahlala asekracakraca angatyiwa.
Ungawaphazamisi ke amaqunube eSolanum retroflexum nalawo we nightshade abulalayo (Atropa belladonna). Amaqunube we nightshade abulalayo ayakhazimla khaye iintyatyambo zi mfusa ngombala, azikho mhlophe.
Ikhuliswa njani iBlack Nightshade
iBlack Nightshade, njenge sityalo kulula ukuyikhulisa, kwaye kungcono okokuba ityale nge mbewu, ze ihanjiswe njenge sithole. Ulinyo lwe Black Nightshade ngezithole kunga velisa isivuno seziqhamo ezingu 1.2 kg/m2. Iyanyamezela kwiintlobo zemihlaba ezininzi, neemeko zezulu uzimbi kodwa ikhetha umhlaba ofumileyo. Iyakhula kakuhle emthunzini.Izifundo zophando zibonakalise okokuba iBlack Nightshade idinga initrogen (N) ne phosphorus (P). Ezi zingafakwa njengohlobo lwesichumisi, kumlinganiselo we 2:3:2 okanye 3:2:1 kwizinga le 40g/m. U\mlinganiselo we komityi uthatha ama 200g wesichumisi ze oku kugqume u 5m. Faka isichumisi ku-mfolo ze udibanise nomhlaba phambi koku tyala. Isebe lezo Limo, Amahlathi neeNtlanzi (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) licebisa oku kulandelayo: xa usebenzisa umgquba wee nkukhu okanye iihagu sebenzisa ilitha ezilishumi zepheyile kwindawo engama 20 cm ububanzi ubude obungu 5m.
Lomlinganiselo ufanayo uyasetyenziswa naku mgquba wase buhlanti ukogquma indawo engange 5m ubude. Emveni kokutyala gquma iibhedi zakho ngengca edityanisiweyo eyomileyo ukuze ugcine ukufuma. Nangona iBlack nightshade inyamezela kwi mbalela, iyawadinga amanzi njengoko enceda ukunyusa isivuno-nokuba zilitha ezine kwi 1 m².
Iinkumbi ze Black nightshade, ziimbovane, black aphids, caterpillars, iintethe, beetles, kwaye zilawulwa ngokujikeleziswa kwezityalo okanye iwood ash iqatywe kumagqabi. Khetha iintyatyambo ozakuzityala nayo ezifana netswele, garlic, eziyi gxotha ngokwe ndalo izinambuzane ibeetle. Iblack nightshade ayidibani ne blight, (early blight, leaf blight) iintsholongwane, ezifana ne leaf curl, yellow vein, kunye ne grey mould ne powdery dew. Ezona meko ikhula kuzo zimeko zomhlaba olungileyo kwaye ziyanceda ukwehlisa izinga lezifo.
Umzekelo Ophilayo
Ihektare ezimbini ze black nightshade zityala ngenjongo yokuthengiswa kwi fama ephakathi kwe Memel ne Newcastle. Izithole zatyalwa ekupheleni kuka October kwimiqolo emibini ngebhedi. Iibhedi zazingu 5m ukuqelelana ukuvumela omatshini bokususa ukhula. Umqolo ngamnye unombhobho woncenceshela ophuma kancinci kwaye yogqunywe nge plastiki enemigqobo ukukhusela izithole.Ukunonisa isivuno se berry, izithole zafakwa emveni kweveki ezintathu, rhoqo. Isifuno saba ngu 1.5 t/ha, kodwa xazisondelelene zingavelisa ukuyokuma ku 2,5 tons we berry nge hectare.
Oomama bendawo babewakha ngesandla amaqunube okanye udidi lwe berry zebabhatalwe ngokwe kilogram abathe bayikha. Ezincindi okanye jam (ngesibhulu ‘nastergal konfyt’) zazithengiswa nje ngoMsobo, elo ke ligama lesiZulu le Black nightshade.
Uyitya njani iBlack Nightshade
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuvuna amagqabi we nightshade kukunqumla isihlahla sonke, kuba oku kwenza siphinde sikhule. Ukuhlala uvuna izihlahla zisencinci kwaye ungazidibanisi kukhuthaza ukukhula emacaleni kwaye kwandisa nexesha lokuvuna.Amagqabi angavunwa de amaqunube avele. Emveni koko amagqabi ayaqalisa ukufana nesiqu. Xa isetyenziswa njengomfuno ofukufuku, amagqabi nezihlahla ezisencinci ze nightshade ziyavunwa ziphekwe kodwa amagqabi ayakwazi ukutyiwa ekrwada. Lamagqabi aphekiweyo ayakwazi ukutyiwa ecoliwe.
Ubungozi bayo abukaqapheleki kodwa le ihlaza (ingavuthwanga) amaqunube wayo anayo isolanine, enethyefu kakhulu. Amaqunube akhiwa ngesandla xa embala omfusa-mnyama, ngesiqhelo ngo January ukuya ku April. Amaqunube kufuneka akhiwe ngaphandle kwe calyx (lendawo iqinileyo ifana nekomityi ‘amagqabi amancinci’ wama qunube) okanye kufuneka isuswe phambi kokuba iphekwe.
(Bamba amaqunube ususele lentloko apha emacaleni.) Amaqunube angatyiwa ekrada okanye ephekiwe, kodwa incasa ibamnandi xa ephekiwe. Esisiqhamo sifumaniseke simnandi nangona sisincinci kune Solanun nigrum var.guineense efana nayo, kodwa iswiti emlonyeni. Amaqunube enza ijam, engungcamngce onqabileyo, maxa wambi ifumaneka kwizi tendi zase fama.
Amaqunube we black nightshade amnyama acoliweyo angasetyenziswa njenge salsa okanye isalad dressing: dibanisa amaqunube we inightshade ecoliweyo uwadibanise ne garlic netswele, caraway, sesame seeds, olive oil ne balsamic vinegar. Sebenzisa lamagqabi we nightshade adityaniswe nezinye ubeke ngaphezulu ne feta.
Imisebenzi Yokunyanga ye Black Nightshade
Amagqabi angasetyenziswa njenge yeza lokuthoba okanye ukubekela izilonda ezenziwa sisifo somdlavuza, amanxeba, luecoderma (imeko yempilo esesikhumbeni apho umbala uye uphela kwisikhumba, yenze izibhaxu ezimhlophe.) Uphando lungqibe okokuba iSolanum nigrum inoncedo lwe sifo iherpes. Iyasetyenziswa ukwenza ubani abile, iyasebenza ekuthomalilseni iintlungu kunye nokwenza ubani alale, kodwa akucacanga okokuba oku kuyenzeka nange Solanum retroflexum.Qaphela: Ukuvuna izityalo zasendle ezityekayo kungayingozi, kwaye kufuneka kwenzi ngulowo unolwazi ungumzingeli okanye ngezityalo zase ndle. Abantu abangenalo ulwazi banga gula oknaye bafe ngokutya isityalo esingakulungelanga ukutyiwa.
Isufungo Ngamayeza
Ezinkcukacha zezokufundisa nokwazisa kuphela kwaye azifanelanga ukuthathwa njenge ngcebiso kaGqirha. Olu lwazi alunazo injongo zokuthatha indawo ye ngcebiso namayeza ka Gqirha okanye unyango olunikezwa ngabezempilo ngoku semthethweni.Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie