Xitlhela xitiveka hi vito ra sunberry, nastergal, Umsobo, muxe, umsobo wesinja, umosobosobo na lintsontso. Xitekiwa tani hi nhova ‘weed’ hi vanhu van’wana, kambe, xitala kukumeka eka misava leyinga tala nitrogen, naswona xitekiwa xiri matsavu ya nkoka ya matluka ya rihlaza lawa ya byariwaka emakaya etikweni ra Afrika Dzona hinkwaro.
Kuna tinxaka tin’wana totala ta ‘Solanums’ ea ndyangu lowu, laha ta ndhuma kunga Solanum nigrum (yantolovelo nightshade kumbe poisonberry), Solanum tuberosum (zambala) na Solanum lycopersicum (tamatisi).
‘Nightshade’ yina tinxaka totala swinene naswona mintlawa yakona ayi twisiseki. E Afrika Dzonga S. americanum, S. nigrum na S. retroflexum hitona leti talaka kutirhisiwa ngopfu.
Black nightshade yikula kufika eka 75 cm hiku leha naswona yi endla xihlahla xa xirhendzevutani xiva na tshindi ra purple xikanwe na matluka ya mpunwa kuya eka rihlaza. Mabilomu yakona ya olovile yana swipetlu petlu swobasa leswi humesaka mihandzu ya rihlaza, leyi cincaka yiva ya purple kuya eka ntima loko yi vupfile. Ti berries leti, matluka ya furexe na swirhabyani swakona leswintsongo swinga dyiwa. Unga swihlanganisi nati berries ta Solanum retroflexum na letiya to dlaya ta nightshade (Atropa belladonna). Letiya to dlaya ta nightshade ta hatima naswona mabilomu yatona iya purple, kungari yobasa.
Ndlela yo Byala Grow Black Nightshade
Black Nightshade, tani hi ximilani ya olova swinene kuyi byala, swikahle kuva yibyariwa hi mbewu kumbe swimilani swisimuriwa kutani swiya byariwa kunwani. Ku byariwa ka nightshade leyi ya ntima hi swimilani swinga tisa ntshovelo wa mihandu ya 1.2 kg/m2. Yikota ku kondzelela misava yotala swinene, maxelo yoka yangari kahle kambe misava yotsakama. Yingaka yinga mili ehansi ka ndzhuti.Vulavisisi byi komba leswaku nightshade ya ntima yilava nitrogen (N) na phosphorus (P). Leswi swinga cheriwa hi ndlela ya manyoro yati khemikali, kufana na 2: 3: 2 kumbe 3: 2: 1. Eka nhlayo ya 40 g/m. Sayizi ya ntolovelo ya khapu ya tiya yinga teka kwalomu ka 200 g wa swinonisa misava laha yinga ringanelaka 5 m. Chela manyoro lawa eka foro naswona uya katsa na misava loko kungase byariwa.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries yi hlohletela leswi landzelaka: loko u tirhisa manyoro ya tihuku kumbe tinguluve chela 10 lt ya bakiti hi voko eka ndzhawu keying ringanaka 20 cm hiku anama eka mpfhuka wa 15 m. Nhlayo leyi fanaka ya manyoro yitirhisiwa nale ka manyoro yosuka exivaleni ku fikelela ndzhwu ya 5 m hiku leha.
Loko u hete ku haxa finengeta ndzhawu yoleyo hi swondlalela kufana na byasi byo oma leswaku kuta tshama kurikarhi kutsakama. Hambi leswi nightshade yinga chaveki dyandza, yilava mati tani hileswi swinga antswisaka mbuyelo – kwalomu ka 4 litre hi 1 m².
Switsotswani swa nightshade yantima, vusokoti, ti aphids ta ntima, caterpillars, tinjiya na swifufunhunu, swilawuleka hikuva ku cinca cinciwa swimilani kumbe ku cheriwa nkuma ematlukeni. Hlawula swimilani leswi fambisanaka kufana na tinyala na garlic, leswi chavisaka swifufunhunu hintumbuluko.
Nightshade ya ntima yi chava ku furha, switsongwatsongwani, swo fana na kusongana ka matluka, yellow vein, xikan’we na mould na powdery mildew. Xiyimo xaku kula kahle xikan’we na xiyimo xa misava swinga pfuna ku hunguta mavabyi.
Xikombiso Lexi Hanyaka
Kwalomu ka 2 ha ya nightshade yantima yibyariwile kuva yita xavisiwa e purasini exikarhi ka Memel nale Newcastle. Swimilani swibyariwe kuya ekuheleni ka October ekamintila yimbirhi hi bed. Ti beds atiri kwalomu ka 5 m hiku hambana kupfumelela leswaku kuta hlakuriwa hi muchini. Ntila wun’wana na wunwana awu cheletiwa hi drip naswona aswi finengetiwe hi plastiki leyingana mimbhovo ya swimilani. Ku hangalasa ntshovelo wa berry, swimilani aswi byariwe eka minkari leyi hambanaka hi mavhiki yanharhu.Mbuyelo awuri kwalomu ka 1.5 t/ha, kambe loko swimanyanisiwile wungava eka 2,5 tons yati berries hi hectare.
Vavasati valaha kaya ava khelela ti berries hi mavoko naswona ava hakeriwa kuya hi kg yin’wana na yinwana leyi avayi endla. Ti jamu (hi Afrikaans ‘nastergal konfyt’) ati xavisiwa tani hi Umsobo, vito ra xiZulu ra nightshade.
Ndlela yo dya Black Nightshade
Ndlela yakahle yotshovela matluka ya nightshade ikuva ku tsemiwa xirhabyani hinkwaxo, tani hi leswi swihlohletelaka kuva xitlhela xikula namkambe. Ku tshamela ku tshovela swirhabyani leswintsongo naku swisusa swi hlohletela leswaku swirhabyani swikula ku lehisa nkarhi wa ntshovelo.Matluka yanga tshoveriwa kufikela ti berries tisungula ku huma. Endzhaku ka sweswo, matluka ya tiyela onge i dzovo. Loko xitirhisiwa tani hi matsavu ya matluka, matluka na swirhabyani leswintsongo swa nightshade swa tshoveriwa kutani ya swekiwa kambe matluka yanga dyiwa yate tano. Matluka lawa yanga swekiwa ya phameriwa tani hi xixevo.
Phoyizeni yayona ayi tiveki kahle kambe loko ti berries tahari rihlaza tina solanine, leyi vangaka phoyizeni yokarhi. Ti berries tikhiwa hi mavoko loko tiri purple kuya eka ntima, hi xitalo kusuka hi January kuya eka April. Ti berries tilava ku khiwa tingari na swihkamba leswi swotiyela swinga e handle kumbe swifanele kususiwa tingase swekiwa. (Khoma ti berries kutani u vandla makamba.)
Ti berries tinga dyiwa tinga swekiwangi kumbe tiswekiwile, kambe nantswo wa ntswa loko tiswekiwile. Muhandzu lowu wukumeka wu nandziha swinene hambi leswi wunga wuntsongo loko wu pimanyisiwa na leyi fanaka Solanum nigrum var. guineense, yina nantswo wonyanganya. Ti berries titala kutirhisiwa ku endla jamu, leswi kunga swakudya leswi kalaka swinene naswona minkarhi yinwana swikumeka eka swivhengelani swale mapurasini.
Ti berries ta nightshade ya ntima letinga kandziwa tinga tlhela titirhisiwa tani hi salsa kumbe salad-dressing: katsa ti berries ta nightshade letinga kandziwa eka sautéed garlic na tinyala, caraway na sesame seeds, olive oil xikanwe na balsamic vinegar. Yitirhisi na matluka ya sautéed nightshade naswona e henhla ka feta.
Nkarhi wunwana, u totela ehenhla ka hlampfi, yitetano.
Ku Tirhisiwa tani hi Murhi ka Black Nightshade
Matluka yanga tirhisiwa tani hi swotola leswinga tshungulaka swilondza swa fukuzani, swilondza swinwani na leucoderma (xiyimo laha muhlovo wa nhlonge wulahlekaka kusala kuri na mavala yo basa).Vulavisisi byi tiyisisile leswaku Solanum nigrum yina ti anti-herpes. Yitirhisiwa kupfuneta ku juluka, yi dlaya swivavi naswona yi tshikelela kuvava kambe aswitiveki loko kuriku switano nale ka Solanum retroflexum.
Tiva leswaku: Ntshovelo wa swimilani swale nhoveni wungava na khombo naswona wufanele ku endliwa ntsena hi munhu loyi angina ntokoto. Vanhu vopfumala ntokoto vanga vabya kumbe ku fa hikuva vadye ximilani xohoxeka.