I-Black Nightshade (Solanum retroflexum) stjalo esivela qobe nyaka esibumbeke njengekhambi esivele eSewula Afrika. Elinye ibizo esaziwa ngalo yi-sunberry, nastergal, Umsobo, muxe, umsobo wezinja, umosobosobo kanye nelintsontso. Abanye abantu baqatjangwa bona yisango, kodwana itholakaka ehlabathini ezele i-nitrogen, begodu sithathwa njengomrorho oqakatheke khulu omakari otjalwa eendaweni ezisemakhaya enarheni yoke yeSewula Afrika. Kuneminye imihlobo eminengi yemindeni ye-‘Solanums’eyaziwa khulu yi-Solanum nigrum (eyaziwa khulu nge-nightshade nanyana i-poisonberry), Solanum tuberosum (izambani) kanye ne-Solanum lycopersicum (itamati).
I-‘Nightshade’ imumethe imihlobo eminengi begodu yakhekhe ngeendlela ezirareneko. eSewula Afrika i-S. americanum, S. nigrum kanye ne-S. Retroflexum mihlobo esetjenziswa khulu. I-Black nightshade ikhula ifike ku-75 cm ngobude begodu yakha ihlathi elirondo elinesiqu esisaphephuli kanye namakari ahlaza satjani. Amathuthumbo waso amhlophe nokusarulana hlangana nendawo akhiqiza ama-berry ahlaza satjani, atjhugulula umbala abesamlotjhana lokha nakavuthiweko. Ama-berry, amakari afretjhi kanye neengodo zaso ezithambileko kungadliwa.
Uyitjala njani i-Black Nightshade
I-Black Nightshade, sitjalo esimila lula, simila kuhle nasitjalwe ngembewu. Ukutjala istjalwesi ngembewu kungekhipha isivuno sestjalo esiyi-1.2 kg/m2. Sirhona ukujamelana nehlabathi emanzi, kanye nobujamo obubudisi bezulu kodwana sithanda ihlabathi ethambileko. Asimili emthunzini. Irhubhululo litjengise bona i-black nightshade itlhoga i-nitrogen (N) kanye ne-phosphorus (P). Lokhu kungafakwa ngesivundisi esiyikhemikhali esifana ne-2: 3: 2 nanyana i-3: 2: 1esisezingeni eliyi- 40 g/m. Ikomitjhi elijayelekileko letiye elingaba yi-200 g yesivundisi njeke lokhu kungavala i-5 m. Beka isivundisi emaforweni usihlanganise nehlabathi ngaphambi kokobana usitjale.
Umnyango wezokulima - Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries uphakamisa bona kwenziwe okulandelako: lokha nawusebenzisa umanyoro weenkukhu nanyana weemfarigi faka amathunga alisumi ebhandeni elingaba yi-20 cm ngobubanzi elinobude obungaba yi-15 m. Isilinganiso esifanako somanyoro sisetjenziswa nalokha nakusetjenziswa umanyoro weenkomo ukuvala indawo eyi-5 m ngobude. Ngemva kokutjala vala imibhede ngotjani obomileko ukwenzela bona kuhlale kunomswakama. Nanyana i-black nightshade angasabi somiso, itlhoga amanzi ngombana lokhu kwenza ngcono isivuno - okungasenani faka amalitha amane qobe ku-1 m². Iinunwana ezitjhwenya istjalo se-black nightshade, zintjhontjhwani, iimbungu, iinthete kanye nama-beetles alawulwa ngokobana kudlheganiswe iintjalo nanyana ngokuzesa iintjalo ngomlotha weenkuni emakarini.
Khetha iintjalo ezimkhambisani ezifana ne eye kanye nekonofula, ezirhona ukuqotha iimpukani ngokwemvelo. I-Black nightshade iyazwela lokha nayibanjwa bulwelwe be-blight (i-early blight, nanyana i-leaf blight), umulwane, efana ne-leaf curl, yellow vein, kanye nesikghoro esisamlotjhana nanyana i-powdery mildew. Inesimo esihle khulu sokukhula kanye nebujamo obuhle behlabathi kungarhelebha ukunciphisa amalwelwe.
Isibonelo ngento Eyenzekako
Kwatjalwa ama-hectare amabili westjalo se-black nightshade ngehloso yorhweba ngaso eplasini elihlangana ne-Memel kanye ne-Newcastle. Imbewu yaso yatjalwa lada ngoSewula emareyini amabili qobe mbhede. Imibhede beyihlukene nge-5 m ukwenzela bona barhone ukukhipha ikhula ngemitjhini. Ireyi ngalinye gade line-dripper irrigation begodu gade zivalwe ngetjhwaratjhwa ezinembobo lapha kuzokuhlola khona ama-plantjies.
Ukurhatjha isivuno sama-berry ama-plantjies atjalwa adlulana ngeemveke ezintathu. Isvuno saso gade siyi-1.5 t qobe-/ha, kodwana ukwenza iinkhundla ezisemaduzelani kungenza bona sikhiqize amatani angaba yi-2,5 wama-berry qobe - hectare. Abafazi bendawo leyo bawakha ngezandla amaberry lawo bababhadala ngaqobe khilogramu abalikhako. Ijemu ebizwa nge-Afrikaans bona yi-‘nastergal konfyt’) yathengiswa njengo-Msobo nekulibizo lesiZulu le-black nightshade.
Udliwa njani Umsobo
Indlela ehle yokuvuna amakari womsobo kukuwakera aseseneengodo zawo, ngombana lokhu kwenza bona akhule godu. Lokha nakahlale akhiwa kugcugcuzela bona akhule godu begodu kungezelela neskhathi sokuwuvuna. Amakaraso angavunwa kuze kumile ama-berry. Ngemva kwalokho, amakaraso atjhuguluka abe inga sikhumba. Lokha umsobo usetjenziswa njengomrorho, amakari wawo avunwa aphekwe nanyana adliwe angakaphekwa. Amakari aphekiweko aphakelwa njengestjhebo. Akunasiqiniseko ngobutjhefu bawo kodwana ama-berry asesehlaza angakavuthwa amumethe i-solanine, ebanga itjhefu.
Ama-berry akhiwa ngesandla lokha nakanombala ophephuli ukuya konzima, okuvamise bona kube ngenyanga kaTjhirhweni ukuya kuSihlabantangana. Ama-berry waso atlhoga ukukhiwa ngaphandle kwe-calyx (nekumathuthumbo angaphandle aqinileko wama-berry la) nanyana kufanele akhitjhwe ngaphambi kokuwupheka. (Phakamisela ama-berry phezulu udosele i-calyx emahlangothini) ama-berry angadliwa ahlaza nanyana aphekiwe kodwana unambitheka kamnandi nakaphekiweko.
Isthelo sawo satholwa bona simnandi nanyana sisincani kune-Solanum nigrum var. guineense, efana naso enomnambitheko osudu. Ama-berry westjalwesi kuvamise ukwenziwa ngawo ijemu. Umsobo ogayiweko ungasetjenziselwa ukwenza i-salsa nanyana i-salad dressing: faka umsobo ogayiweko ekonofuleni efrayiweko kanye ne-eyi, caraway kanye ne-sesame seeds, olive oil kand balsamic vinegar. Zisebenzise namakari womsobo kanye ne-feta. Nakungasinjalo faka ifesi ehlaza.
Ukusetjenziselwa Ukwelapha Komsobo
Amakari wawo angasetjenziswa afakwe ngaphasi kwebhanditjhi ukwelapha iinlonda, kanye nobujamo be-leucoderma (ekubujamo lapha kusuka khona umbala esikhunjeni kwenze amapetjhi amhlophe). Irhubhululo liqiniseke bona i-Solanum nigrum ikhandela i-herpes. Isetjenziselwa ukuphungula ukujuluka, ukubulala iinhlungu kanye nokundronga,kodwana akuqaqi bona i-Solanum retroflexum nayo iyakwenza lokho na.
Tjheja:
Ukuvuna iintjalo ezidliwako zomango kungaba yingozi begodu kufanele kwenziwe mumuntu osele azazi. Abantu abanganalwazi bangagula nanyana babhubhe nabangadla iintjalo ezingasizo.
Ukwala Kwezemaphilo
Ilwazeli lenzelwe ukufundisa kwaphela begodu akukafaneli bona lisetjenziswe njengesiyeleliso sezepilo. Ilwazeli alikenzelwa ukujamiselela iinluleko zezepilo nanyana ukulatjhwa okunikelwa ngusiyazi wezepilo.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana