Kuyaziwa nangokuthi sunberry, nastergal, Umsobo, muxe, umsobo wesinja, umosobosobo kanye ne-lintsontso. Kubhekwa ngokuthi 'ukhula' ngabanye abantu, kodwa, kuvame ukutholakala enhlabathini ecebile nge-nitrogen, futhi kubhekwa njengendwangu ebalulekile yemifino eluhlaza etshalwa emakhaya aseNingizimu Afrika.
Kunezinye eziningi 'amaSolan' emndenini, ikakhulukazi i-Solanum nigrum (i-nightshade ejwayelekile noma i-poisonberry), i-Solanum tuberosum (amazambane) kanye ne-Solanum lycopersicum (utamatisi).
'Nightshade' iqukethe izinhlobo eziningi futhi i-taxonomy yayo iyinkimbinkimbi. eNingizimu Afrika S. americanum, S. nigrum no S. retroflexum yizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Black nightshade ikhula phezulu kuze kube ngu-75 cm phezulu futhi idala isihlahla esiyindilinga eneziqu ze-purplish namaqabunga aluhlaza. Izimbali zilula ngamagundane amhlophe kanye nesikhungo esiphuzi esikhiqiza amajikijolo aluhlaza, ashintshela ukuba aphuze omnyama obomvu uma evuthiwe.
Amajikijolo, amaqabunga amasha namahlumela amathenda angadliwa. Ungangqubuzani amajikijolo ka-Solanum retroflexum kanye nalabo abasebenzisa i-nightshade ebulalayo (i-Atropa belladonna). Ama-berries ama-nightshade abulalayo ahlanzekile futhi izimbali zalo zibomvu, hhayi ezimhlophe.
Indlela Yokukhulisa I-Black Nightshade
I-Black Nightshade, njengesitshalo esilula ukukhula, ihlwanyela kahle embewu futhi ifakwe njengezithombo. Ukulima kwe-black nightshade yizimbewu kungaholela ekuvuneni izithelo zika 1.2 kg / m2. Ingakwazi ukubekezelela inhlabathi eningi, nezimo ezinzima kepha ikhetha inhlabathi enomswakama. Awukwazi ukukhula emthunzini.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-nightshade emnyama idinga i-nitrogen (N) ne-phosphorus (P). Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ngesimo somanyolo wamakhemikhali, njenge-2:3:2 noma 3:2:1. ngesilinganiso esingu-40 g/m. Usayizi ojwayelekile we-teacup uthatha cishe umanyolo we-200 g ngakho lokhu kuzohlanganisa 5 m. Faka umanyolo ohlangothini lomhlabathi bese uhlangana nomhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Umnyango wezoLimo, amaHlathi kanye namaHlishi uncome lokhu okulandelayo: uma usebenzisa inkukhu noma umquba wezingulube usebenzise ibhakede le-10 lt ebangeni elingaba ngu-20 cm ububanzi ngaphezu kwe-15 m. Inani elifanayo lomquba lisetshenziselwa ngisho nangomquba wokugcoba ukumboza indawo yobude obuyi-5 m.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ukumboza imibhede ngesikhwama semithombo njengotshani obomile ukuze ugcine umswakama. Nakuba i-nightshade emnyama isimiso somsoco, sidinga amanzi njengoba lokhu kuzokwenza ngcono isivuno - okungenani ilitha elingu-4 mitha engu-1.
Izinambuzane ezinomnyama omnyama, izintuthwane, ama-aphid amnyama, izibungu, izintethe kanye nezimbongolo, zilawulwa ukushintshaniswa kwesitshalo noma izinkuni zifakwe emaqabunga. Khetha izitshalo zomngane ezinjenge-anyanisi ne-garlic, okuyizinto ezivuthayo zemvelo ezinamafutha.
I-nightshade ebomvu izwela ukulimaza (ukulimala kokuqala, amaqabunga amaqabunga), amagciwane, njengamaqabunga amaqabunga, i-vein ephuzi, kanye nomfutho ompunga kanye ne-powdery isikhutha. Isimo esihle sokukhula nesimo esihle somhlabathi singasiza ekunciphiseni izifo.
Isibonelo Esiwusizo
Cishe u-2 ha we-black nightshade watshalwa ngokuthengisa epulazini phakathi kweMemel noNewcastle. Izithombo zatshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba emigqeni emibili. Imibhede yayingu-5 m eceleni ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusetha okwenziwa ngemishini. Umugqa ngamunye wawunamanzi okunisela futhi wawuhlanganiswa nokukhishwa kwepulasitiki ngemigodi yezimbewu. Ukusakaza ukuvunwa kweberry, izithombo zatshalwe ngezikhathi ezintathu zeviki. Isivuno sasingaba ngu-1.5 t/ha, kepha ukuhamba okuncane kungakhipha amathani ama-2,5 amajikijolo ngehektare ngalinye.Abesifazane basendaweni bawuthatha amajikijolo futhi bahlawuliswa yilolo kilogram abayithandayo. Ama-jams (ngesiBhunu 'ama-nastergal konfyt') athengiswa njenge-Umsobo, igama lesiZulu elibhekene nightshade omnyama.
Indlela Yokudla I-Black Nightshade
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvuna ama-nightshade amaqabunga ukusika lonke ihlumela, njengoba lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula. Ukuvuna njalo amahlumela amancane kanye no-budding kukhuthaza amahlumela asetshenzisweni futhi kukhulisa isikhathi sokuvuna.Amahlamvu angavunwa kuze kube yilapho amajikijolo eqala ukuthuthukisa. Ngemva kwalokho, amaqabunga abe isikhumba.
Uma isetshenziswe njengemifino enamagatsha, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane ase-nightshade avunwa futhi aphekwe kepha amaqabunga angadliwa futhi aluhlaza. Amaqabunga aphekwe avame ukukhonza njengenjabulo.
Ubuthi bayo abucacile kodwa amajikijolo aluhlaza (aluvuthiwe) aqukethe i-solanine, ebangela i-degree of poisoning. Amajikijolo athathwa ngesandla lapho kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuvamile kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Amajikijolo kudingeka adokelwe ngaphandle kwe-calyx (amakhemikhali angaphandle angaphandle 'amakhekhe' we-berry) noma kufanele asuswe ngaphambi kokuba uwapheke. (Bamba amajikijolo bese ususa i-calyx eceleni.)
Amajikijolo angadliwa okuluhlaza noma okuphekwe, kepha ukunambitheka kuthuthukisa ngokupheka. Isithelo sitholakale sibe nicer kakhulu nakuba encane kuna Solanum nigrum var efanayo. i-guineense, ithole ukunambitheka okumnandi.
Amajikijolo avame ukucubungulwa ukuze enze i-jam, okuyisidlo esingavamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi esitholakala emasimini epulazi. Amajikijolo omnyama omuncu angasetshenziswa angasetshenziswa njengama-salsa noma e-salad-yokugqoka: engeza ama-berries nightshade ochotshoziwe ukuze agcoke u-garlic no-anyanisi, ama-caraway nezinhlamvu ze-sesame, amafutha omnqumo namaviniga ebhalsamu. Sebenzisa ngamaqabunga omhlaba we-nightshade futhi phezulu nge-feta.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, isakaze phezu kwezinhlanzi, okuluhlaza.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Ye-Black Nightshade
Amaqabunga angasetshenziswa njenge-poultice ukuze aphathe izilonda zomdlavuza, amanxeba kanye ne-leucoderma (isimo lapho i-pigment ilahlekile ezindaweni zesikhumba, kubangele ama-white patches).Ucwaningo luqinisekisile ukuthi i-Solanum nigrum inamakhemikhali e-herpes. Isetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela ukujuluka, i-painkiller ne-sedative, kodwa akucaci ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kuSolanum retroflexum.
Qaphela: Ukuvuna izitshalo ezidliwayo zasendle kungaba yingozi futhi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngumuntu onolwazi owaziwayo. Abantu abangenalwazi bangagula noma bafe ngokudla isitshalo esingalungile.