Tifo Leticinile eTingulubeni

© Courtesy of National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff (Des Moines, IA USA)
Tiningi tifo kanye netilwane letiphila kuletinye letihlupha tingulube, letinye ticinile kunaletinye. Letinye tingena emadvodzeni, letinye tishintjiseleka naletinye tilwane kanye netinyoni, letinye tindzawo tonkhe ngetindlela letifanako.
Kuyasebentiseka kulomkhiciti wemihlambi-lemincane kutsi akhone kubona lobukhona lobungibo lobuphatamisako nekugula kwekutselelana. Kubalulekile kwati kutsi ungalifuna kuphi lusito lolukahle nekutsi ukhone kuchaza letimphawu letikhonjiswako nguletilwane noma kungaphili lobubonwako esilwaneni lesesifile.
Lena ndlela itosebenta ngaletimphawu letitokhonjiswa tilwane letigulako tibe tisaphila lokungabikwa ehhovisini ladokotela wetilwane lelidvutane esiveni.

Yini Umkhuhlane weTingulube?

©National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Kugula lokubili lokufanako ngunaku Umkhuhlane weTingulube wase Afrika (African Swine Fever – ASF) ne Mkhuhlane weTingulube wase Europe (European Swine Fever). Umkhuhlane weTingulube eEurope uphindze watiwa nge Umkhuhlane weTingulube Losetulu (Classical Swine Fever – CSF) noma njenge Hog Cholera eUS.
Lesifo semkhuhlane wetingulube uhlangene nelicembu lemkhuhlane we haemorrhagic (umkhuhlane lohambisana netimphawu te-mkhuhlane kanye bekuphuma kwengati) lokufaka iEbola ne Marburg sifo sekutselelana futsi letinye tifo tekutselelana letifana netebantfu. Yonkhe lema mikhuhlane inesitfombe sinye lesifanako: titseleleka ngekushesha, cishe yonkhe intfo nebantfu bonkhe labahlangene nalonako batfola kutseleleka kanye neliphesenhi lelisetulu lekutsi ungafa.

Timphawu te Mkhuhlane weTingulube

Kokubili le ASF ne CSF tilandzela indlela lefanako. Timphawu tifaka kushisa lokuphakeme kanye nekuphuma kwengati ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuya kutincenye temtimba, luphawu lwebuhlungu lolulandzelwa kuculeka kanye nekufa kungapheli malanga mangakhi. Imitimba isala isenako lokugula emaviki.
Tindayikazane kuleto tindzawo letinalesifo tingatfwala le ASF sikhatsi lesidze bese tikhokha tinshwana letilula letinaso, lekusebenta njengentfo letfwala lesifo. Bantfu abayitfoli le ASF noma iCSF.
Lomfuyi wetingulube utowatiswa ngekugedvuka kwekufa kulomhlambi, kuvame kuba ngemuva kwekwetfulwa lokusha, noma nangabe kwatiwa kutsi tindayikazane kuleyondzawo lenalesifo, kakhulu Esifundzeni sase Limpopo, tincenye tase Mpumalanga netindzawana letisenyakatfo ye Kwa-Zulu Natal eNingizimu Afrika.
iASF isakateke eNkhabeni nase Afrika lese Nshonalanga futsi seyisakateke kakhulu eEurope kantsi nyalo ise Asia. iCSF yayikhona njengesifo sakulelinye live eminyakeni yakadzeni eEastern Cape futsi sabese siyasuswa ngekubita lokukhulu.

Yini Sifo seTinyawo neMlomo

Sifo seTinyawo neMlomo (FMD) sisakateka ngekuphangisa kutsi bonkhe bafuyi betingulube nabeva ngaso bayesaba noma bayetfuka. Lokungetiwe lokutsintsa bafuyi kutsi sihlasela tilwane letiningi, kufaka emacembu onkhe tinyamatane netimpunzi, tilwane tekufuywa (tinkhomo, timbuti, timvu) kanye netingulube. Phindze kukhona nasendzaweni leyakheke-kahle naletikekeletelwe letise nyakatfo-ekoneni lelisempumalanga dvute nase Kruger National Park.

Sifo seTinyawo ne Mlomo eTingulubeni

©Diseases of Swine 8th edition
Tingulube tihlaseleka kancane nge FMD. Lesi sifo sibanga kufa lokusindzako etingulubeni letincane. Tingulube letindzala letiphilako, tisebenta njengaletingeta kakhulu kwalesifo phindze tikhokhe tigidzi taletincenye talesifo tinyanga letiningi. Lesifo etilwaneni letinkhulu atikavami kubanga kufa ngaphandle kwasetingulubeni letincane.
Timphawu letingito kulesifo setinyawo nemlomo kushisa – kukhomba ngekulahlekelwa yinkhaphunkhaphu yekudla kanye nemachuchumba lamancane emlonyeni ne mphumulo nemlomo kuletinye tilwane kufana netinja, lokwenta kudla kubenzima. Emachuchumba lafana nalawo avela ngetulu kwelisondvo, lokwenta lokuhamba kubebuhlungu. Kuvame kulandzela kutsi loko lokucinile kwangaphandle lokuvale lelinyawo kuphume, bese kushiya lolokutsambile kwangekhatsi kwelisondvo kubasebaleni; phindze kube buhlungu kunyakata.
Lokulimala lokwentiwa ngule MFD kuyimali: umkhicito uyahlukumeteka ngalokulahlekelwa kukhula kwetilwane, kuncipha kwelubisi, kufa kwetilwane kanye netikhatsi letidze tekuhambisa tintfo letiya kulamanye emave lokubekeke ekumisweni kwemkhicito, ngisho netitselo kanye netibhidvo.

Kwakhiwa kwe Porcine ne Kuphefumula Kwelicembu Letimphawu Emtimbeni

©Dr Jim Robinson
Ngaphandle kwe Mkhuhlane weTingulube – African Swine Flu (ASF), Umkhuhlane wetingulube Losetulu (Classic Swine Flu -CSF) kanye nesifo semkhuhlane setinyawo-ne-mlomo, kuphindze kukhona kwakheka kwe porcine kanye nekuphefumula kwelicembu letimphawu (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome – PRRS) – ‘sifo sendlebe leluhlata sasibhakabhaka’. Lesi sifo sakulamanye emavve sesisusiwe eNingizimu Afrika tikhatsi letiningi kusuka nga 2007 futsi singahle sibuye. Timphawu letingito te PRRS kukhokha sisu, sifo semakhata kanye nekushisa lokusetulu. Akusiko lokuyingoti lengako njenge ASF.

Kwelashwa kweTifo teTingulube

Akukho kwekwelapha lokufana nazifozonke kuleti tifo. Totimbili ‘tifo letitiphetse’ ngetindlela Sento Sekuphila kweTilwane. Loku kuchaza kutsi lusolo lwekugedvuka kumele lipotwe noma libikwe ku Sate Veterinarian kantsi nalowomtfwalo wekugadza utoba setandlane ta Hulumende ngekushesha nasesivunyiwe lesifo.
Kute umjovo we ASF, futsi kute nalohlelwako kulesisikhatsi. Ngisho nemijovo lemihle ingashiya tilwane letiphilako letitfwele lesifo ngaphandle kwekukhombisa timphawu. Sikhatsi sekuwa kwesifo se ASF kungacala kugedvuka lokunye.
Imijovo iphila ku FMD futsi ivame kusetjentiswa ndzawonye nekuvalelwa kanye nekubekwa wedvwana endzaweni lenalesifo. Lapho kudzingeke khona, hulumende angasusa tonkhe tifo tetinyawo-ne-mlomo bese utsintsa tilwane bese ubulala lemitimba njengoba kungiyo yodvwa indlela yekubulala lesifo.
Sicela nati:
Lwati lwalabafundzile futsi injongo yelwati kuphela futsi angeke seyibekwe njengesecwayiso semitsi. Lolwati alukabekelwa kutsi lumelele secwayiso semitsi noma kwelapha lokunikwa ngudokotela wetilwane.

Translated by Phindile Malotana