Amalwelwe Ayingozi Emfarigini

© Courtesy of National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff (Des Moines, IA USA)

Kunamalwelwe amanengi kanye namapharasayidi abamba iimfarigi, amanye ayingozi lokha amanye angasiyingozi kangako. Amanye asuka enlwaneni angene ebantwini, amanye abelwana zinlwane asuka kwezinye kanye nenyonini amanye akhona koke nje ngendlela efanako.
Kungarhelebha umkhiqizi wemfarigi onomhlambi omncani ukobana abone lokha nakukhona amalwelwe athwenyako nayingozi. Kuqakathekile nokobana arhone ukutlhadlhula amaphawu atjengiswa zinlwane zakhe nanyana nakunokungakajwayeleki okwenziwa zinlwane zakhe esele zifileko.
Indatjana le izokukhuluma ngamaphawu atengiswa silwane esigulako nasisaphilako ekufanele abikwe kudorhodere karhulumende oseduze.

Yini i-Swine Fever?

©National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Kunamalwelwe amabili afanako athelelanako i-African Swine Fever (ASF) kanye ne-European Swine Fever. European Swine Fever aziwa ngokobana yi-Classical Swine Fever (CSF) nanyana i-Hog Cholera enarheni ye-US.
Ubulwelwe be-swine fever bungena ewomeni lamalwelwe abizwa bona yi-haemorrhagic fevers nekumgomani ohlotjaniswa nomgomani ojwayelekileko kanye nokubluya) ekubalwa ubulwelwe be-Ebola kanye ne-Marburg kanye neminye imilwana yabantu efanako. Yoke imigomani le inesthombe sinye nanyana iphawu elifanako: Arhatjheka msinya, pheze yoke into nabo boke abantu abahlangana nawo amalwelwe la ayabangena begodu inengi labo liyabhubha.

Amaphawu we-Swine Fever

Womabili amaphawu we-ASF kanye ne-CSF anephetheni efanako. Amaphawu wawo afaka umgomani ophezulu kanye nokubluya ngaphasi kwesikhumba kanye namalunga aqakathekileko womzimba, ubuhlungu bawo buyabonakala ekulandelwa kukobana abantu esibaphetheni nanyana iinlwane zife bese ziyafa ngemva kwamalangana.
Iimfarigi zomango endaweni enamalwelwe angaba nomulwane we-ASF isikhathi eside begodu iburhatjhe, imikhaza, nayo iyabuthwala ubulwelobu. Abantu ababanjwa bulwelwe be-ASF nanyana i-CSF.
Umfuyi wemfarigi uzukobana ngokobana izinga lemfarigi zakhe ezinengi zife emhlambini okuvamise ukwenzeka ngemva kokobana alethe ezitja,nanyana nange kunedawo eyaziwako ehlala iimfarigi zomango enobulwelobu,esikhathini esinengi okwenzeka esifundeni sangeLimpopo nanyana encenyeni ezinye zesifunda seMpumalanga, nepumalanga yesifunda saKwaZulu-Natal eSewula Africa, I-ASF bulwelwe obutjhwenya khulu iinarha ze Africa ephakathi nasepumalanga begodu sele burhatjhekele nenarheni ye-Europe begodu kwanjesi sele butholakala nenarheni ye-Asia. I-CSF gade ibulwelwe obunetjhefu egade bukhona eminyakeni eyadlulako esifundeni se-Eastern Cape kodwana baqedwa nanyana kwadla imali enengi nje.

Yini Ubulwelwe Bamaqatha Nomlomo?

©Diseases of Swine 8th edition
Ubulwelwe bamaqatha nomlomo (FMD) sele burhatjheka msinya begodu woke umfuyi ozwa ngabo uyabusaba. Into ethusa khulu ngabo kukobana bubamba imihlobo eminengi yenlwane, ekubalwa iinkomo zomango, iinlwane zekhaya, (iimbuzi, izimvu Kanye nenkomo singalibali iimfarigi). Bukhona ubulwelobu ngitjho nendaweni ezingaphandle ezifana ne-Kruger National Park.

Ubulwelwe Bamaqatha Nomlomo Emfarigini

Iimfarigi zibanjwa khulu bulwelwe be-FMD. Ubulwelobu bungabanga kobana kufe iimfarigi ezinengi ezincani. Iimfarigi ezidala ezisindako, zenza bona umulwane lo ubhebhetheke khulu begodu zikhipha inani elikhulu lomulwane lo isikhathi esingaba zinyanga. Ubulwelwobu abuzibulali iinlwane ezikulu buvamise ukubulala ezincani khulu.
Iphawu elikhulu lobulwelobu mgomani - obonakala ngokobana isilwane esinobulwelobu singafuni ukudla, sibe namatjhatjhazi amancani emlonyeni Kanye nepumulweni, enza bona kube budisi kobana zidle. Iinlwanezi ziba namatjhatjhazi abuhlungu la phezulu eqatheni, enze kobana kube budisi kobana ikomo ikhambe. Ngemva kwalokho iqatha loke lekomo liyaphuma, kusale kuvele okungaphakathi, kubhale khulu bona isilwane esinobulwelobu sikhambe.
Umonakalo owenziwa yi-FMD kukobana abafuyi balboa imali enengi, begodu ifuyo yaboe ayikhulu, ibisi lazo liyancipha, iyafa ifuyo, begodu iinarha ezingaphandle ezisafuni bona kuthunyelwe inyama yenlwanezo enarheni zazo, ngitjho nenthelo nemirorho.

Ubulwelwe be-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - PRRS

©Dr Jim Robinson
Nagphandle kobulwelwe be-African Swine Flu (ASF), Classic Swine Flu (CSF) Kanye nobulwelwe bamaqatha nomlomo, kunobulwelwe be-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) - obubizwa bona yi-‘blue ear disease’. Ubulwelobu bugcine ukuba mraro lapha eSewula Africa ngonyaka ka-2007 begodu bungabuya. Amaphawu wobulwelobu be-PRRS kupholoja, i-pneumonia Kanye nomgomani. Abusiyingozi khulu njenge-ASF.

Ukulatjhwa Kwamalwelwe Wemfarigi

Ayikho intatha yemilwane le. Amalwelwe la womabili ayalawulwa ngokuya ngokomthetho we-Animal Health Act. Okutjho bona nange kusolwa bona buqubukile kufanele kubikwe kudorhodere wenlwane karhulumende - State Veterinarian kube nendlela zokubulawula ezenziwa ngurhulumende ngemva kokobana sele kuvunyelwene bona nambala ngibo.
Ayikho intatha yobulwelwe be-ASF, begodu ayikho ehleliweko kuze kube kwanjesi. Ngitjho namanjekutjheni alungileko atjhiya lezo ezisindileko iinlwane ezinomulwane lo zinganaphawu wabo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithize i-ASF ingabuya godu.

Kunemitjhoga ye-FMD begodu kuvamiswe kobana isetjenziswe nokobana iinlwane ezinobulwelobu zihlukaniswe nalezo ezinganabo. Lokha nakutlhogakalako, urhulumende angabulala iinlwane zoke ezinobulwelwe bomlomo namaqatha begodu nemizimba yazo yoniwe ngombana ngiyo kwaphela indlela yokobana kubulawe umulwane lo.
Yelela:
Ilwazeli lenzelwe ukufundisa kanye nelwazi kwaphela begodu akukafaneli lisetjenziswe njengesiyeleliso sikadorhodere. Ilwazeli alikenziwa ngehloso yokujamiselela iinyeleliso zikadorhodere nanyana intatha oyiphiwa ngudorhodere wenlwane.

Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana