Izifo Ezimbi Ezihlasela iZingulube

© Courtesy of National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff (Des Moines, IA USA)

Kunezifo eziningi nezinambuzane ezithinta izingulube, ezinye zibi kakhulu kunezinye. Ezinye zidluliselwa kumuntu, ezinye zikwabelana nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni, ezinye zikhona zonke izinhlobo ezifanayo.
Kuwusizo kumkhiqizi wezinkumbi ezincane wezinkomo ukuthi akwazi ukubona ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka okunomthelela futhi okutheleleka ngempela. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ufuna kuphi usizo lochwepheshe futhi ukwazi ukuchaza ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziboniswa yisilwane noma yiziphi izimo ezingabonakali ezingabonwa esilwaneni esiye safa.
Lesi sihloko sizobhekana nezinye izibonakaliso izilwane ezigulayo ezizobonisa ngenkathi ziphila futhi okufanele zibikwe esiteshini sesifundazwe esiseduze nesifundazwe.

Kuyini i-Swine Fever?

©National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Izifo ezimbili ezifana negciwane lesandulela ngculazi yi-African Swine Fever (ASF) ne-European Swine Fever. I-European Swine Fever iyaziwa nangokuthi i-Classical Swine Fever (CSF) noma njengeHog Cholera e-US.
Izifo ze-ngulube zengulube zivela eqenjini lezinkinga ezibangelwa uketshezi (imfiva ehambisana nezimpawu ezifana nemifucuza kanye nokuphuma kwegazi) okubandakanya izifo zegciwane lesifo se-Ebola ne-Marburg nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngegciwane lesintu. Zonke lezi mafutha zinesithombe esifanayo somtholampilo: zisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu, cishe yonke into nabo bonke abathintana nabo bathole igciwane futhi amaphesenti aphezulu ezisulu ziyafa.

Izimpawu ze-Swine Fever

Zombili i-ASF ne-CSF balandela iphethini efanayo. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane omkhulu futhi uphepha ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi zibe ezithombeni ezibalulekile, ubufakazi obubuhlungu obulandelwa ukuwa nokufa phakathi nezinsuku. Izidumbu zihlala zingenangqondo ngamasonto.
Izindawo zokugcoba ezikhungweni ezithathelwanayo zingase zithwale igciwane le-ASF isikhathi eside futhi zisakaze imikhaza ephathekayo enegciwane, elithwala njengabathwali. Abantu ababambi i-ASF noma i-CSF.
Umlimi wezingulube uzokwaziswa ngokungazelelwe kokufa emhlambini wezinkomo, ngokuvamile emva kokusungulwa okusha, noma uma kuthiwa kukhona ama-warthogs endaweni enesifo, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseLimpopo, izingxenye zaseMpumalanga nasenyakatho ye-KwaZulu-Natal eNingizimu Afrika.
I-ASF isakazeke e-Central naseNtshonalanga Afrika futhi isakaze emazweni amaningi aseYurophu futhi manje nase-Asia. I-CSF ikhona njengesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi eminyakeni ethile edlule e-Eastern Cape futhi ekugcineni yaqedwa ngezindleko ezinkulu.

Yini Isifo Sezinyawo Nomlomo?

Isifo Sezinyawo Nomlomo (i-FMD) yisifo esasakazeka ngokushesha lapho umlimikazi wezinkumba ezwa ngakho nokwesaba. Ingozi eyengeziwe yabalimi ukuthi ithinta izilwane eziningi, kuhlanganise zonke izinhlobo ze-antelope nezinyosi, ama-ruminants asekhaya (izinkomo, izimbuzi, izimvu) nezingulube. Ikhona futhi endaweni ehlukanisiwe futhi ehlukanisiwe enkampanini-ntshonalanga-empumalanga eseduze neKruger National Park.

Isifo Sonyawo Nomlomo Engulubeni

©Diseases of Swine 8th edition
izingulube ziphethwe kakhulu yi-FMD. Lesi sifo singabangela ukushona okukhulu kwezingulube ezincane. Izingulube ezindala ezisekhona, zisebenza njengezigidi eziningi zegciwane futhi zixhuma izigidi zezinhlayiya zegciwane izinyanga. Lesi sifo ema-ruminants amakhulu akakhombisi ukufa ngaphandle kwezingulube ezincane kakhulu.
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zesifo somzimba nomlomo ziwumkhuhlane - kuboniswa ukulahlekelwa kwesidlo kanye namabhantshi amancane emlonyeni nasemzimbeni, okwenza ukudla kube nzima. Ama-blister afanayo ayenzeka engxenyeni engenhla yenselo, okwenza ukuhamba kube buhlungu. Kuvame ukulandela ukuthi zonke izigqoko zangaphandle ezinzima zonyawo ziphuma, zishiya isondo eliphakathi ngaphakathi iphinde ibe nenkinga ebuhlungu ekuthutheleleni.
Umonakalo owenziwe yi-FMD uyimali: ukukhiqizwa kuthinteka kakhulu ekulahlekelweni kwezilwane, ukunciphisa ubisi, ukufa kwezilwane kanye nezinkathi ezide zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezifakwe kuwo wonke umkhiqizo ongcolile, ngisho nezithelo nemifino.

I-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

©Dr Jim Robinson
Ngaphandle kwe-African Swine Flu (ASF), i-Classic Swine Flu (CSF) kanye nomkhuhlane wezinyawo-nomlomo, kukhona ne-porcine yokubeletha nesifo sokuphefumula (PRRS) - 'isifo sezindlebe ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka'. Lesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sisusiwe eNingizimu Afrika izikhathi eziningana kusukela ngo-2007 futhi singabuya. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-PRRS zikhipha isisu, i-pneumonia ne-fever high. Akuyona nje ebulalayo njenge-ASF.

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zengulube

Akukho ukwelashwa okunjengama-antibiotics kulawa magciwane wegciwane. Zombili izifo 'ezilawulwayo' ngokoMthetho wezeMpilo wezilwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukusola kokuqhamuka kufanele kubikwe ku-State Veterinarian kanti izinyathelo zokulawula zizoba ezandleni zikaHulumeni ngokushesha nje uma lesi sifo siqinisekiswa.
Akukho mshanguzo we-ASF, futhi akukho okuhlelwe ngalesi sigaba. Ngisho nemigomo emihle ingashiya izilwane eziphilayo ezithwala igciwane ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Ukuchitha isikhathi ngezikhathi zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungaqala esinye isifo

Imishanguzo ikhona nge-FMD futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwendawo enesifo. Lapho kudingekile, uhulumeni angase anqobe zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezomlomo ezithathelwanayo nezilwane zokuxhumana bese zibhubhisa izidumbu njengendlela kuphela ephumelelayo yokubhubhisa igciwane.
Ngicela uqaphele:
Ukwaziswa kungenxa yezemfundo nolwazi kuphela futhi angeke kuthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukufaka iseluleko sezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa ngudokotela wakho wezilwane.

Translated by Nsika Khoza