Mavabyi ya Nghozi ya Tinguluve

Kuna mavabyi yotala xikan’we nati parasite leti hlaselaka tinguluve, yan’wana ya tika swinene kutlula yan’wana. Yan’wana ya tlulela eka vanhu, yan’wana ya averiwa eka swihadyani swin’wana na tinyenyani, yanwana yakumeka hinkwako hitindlela to hambana hambana.
Swipfuna swinene eka muhumelerisi lontsongo wa tinguluve kuva a hatlisa a kota kuvona vukona bya mavabyi lawa yadlayaka naku tlulela. Swina nkoka swinene kutiva leswaku u fanele u kuma kwihi mpfuneto wa lavangana vutivi u kota ku hlamusela swikoweto leswi uswi vonaka eka xiharhi kumbe swoka swinga tshamisekangi leswinga vonakaka eka xiharhi lexinga fa.
Tsalwa leri rita langutana na swikoweto swa swiharhi leswi vabyaka loko swaha hanya xikan’we na leswi swifaneleke ku vikiwa eka hofisi ya dokodela wa swiharhi yalekusuhi.

Xana iyini Swine Fever?

©National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Kuna minhlaselo yimbirhi ya switsongwatsongwani leswi yelanaka laha kungana African Swine Fever (ASF) na European Swine Fever. European Swine Fever leyi tlhelaka yitiveka tani hi Classical Swine Fever (CSF) kumbe tani hi Hog Cholera e tikweni ra US.
Mavabyi ya swine fever ya wela ehansi ka ntlawa wa mikhuhlwani ya haemorrhagic (fevers associated with flu-like symptoms and bleeding) leyikatsaka Ebola na mavabyi ya xitsongwa tsongwana xa Marburg na swinwana switsongwatsongwani leswi khomaka vanhu. Hinkwayo mikhuhlwani leyi yina xifaniso lexi fanaka: ya hangalaka hiku hatlisa swinene, xin’wana na xinwana na un’wana na un’wana loyi a khumbanaka na wona yan’wi hlasela naswona nhlayo yale henhla ya leswi hlaseriwaka ya lova.

Swikoweto swa Swine Fever

Hivumbirhi bya ASF na CSF byi landzelela pattern leyi fanaka. Swikoweto swikatsa high fever naku huma ngati ehansi ka nhlonge nale ka swirho swa nkoka, kuvonakala ka kuktwa kuvava loku landzeriwaka hiku titivala kutani rifu eka masiku nyana lawa ya landzelaka. Mintsumbu yi tama yahari na switsongwatsongwani swoleswo kuringana mavhiki.
Tinguluve ta nhova eka tindzhawu letinga hlaseriwa tingava na xitsongwatsongwani xa ASF kuringana nkarhi woleha kutani ti hangalasa swigalani leswi fambisaka mavabyi lawa. Vanhu ava khomiwi hi ASF kumbe CSF.
N’wamapurasi wa tinguluve uta tivisiwa hiku hatlisa loko kusungula kutlakuka ka mafu eka mintlhambi, hi xitalo loko kutisiwe tinguluve tintshwa, kumbe loko kutiviwa leswaku kuna tinguluva ta nhova letinga hlaseriwa eka ndzhawu yoleyo, ngopfu ngopfu eka xifundzha xa Limpopo na swiphemu swa Mpumalanga nale nwalungwini wa KwaZulu-Natal e Afrika Dzonga.
ASF yi hangalakile e Central nale West Africa naswona yihangalakile kuya eka tindzhawu totala ta Europe nale Asia. CSF ayiri kona tani hi mavabyi eka malembe yotala lawa yanga hundza kusuka e Eastern Cape naswona ya vuye ya herisiwa hindlela yo durha.

Xana iyini Foot and Mouth Disease?

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) i nhlaselo wa mavabyi lawa ya hangalakaka hiku hatlisa swinene lawa van’wamapurasi va tinguluve vaya chavaka swinene kusukela loko vaya twa. Xin’wana lexi chavisaka van’wamapurasi hileswaku ya hlasela swiharhi swohambana kukatsa na timhunti nati hongonyi, swiharhi swale makaya (cattle, goats, sheep) xikan’we na tinguluve. Ya tlhela yakumeka swinene eka tindzhawu leti hlawulekeke titlhela ti sirheleriwa e n’walungu vuhuma dyambu bya ntanga wa Kruger National Park.

Foot and Mouth Disease eka Tinguluve

©Diseases of Swine 8th edition

Tinguluve ti hlaseriwa ngopfu hi FMD. Mavabyi lawa yanga vanga ku lova ka swingulubyana swotala swinene. Tinguluve letikulu tinga pona, ti hangalasa swinene xitsongwatsongwani kutani xihumesa swiphemu swa xitsongwatsongwani kuringana tinhweti. Mavabyi lawa eka swifuwo leswikulu ayatalangi kutisa mafu ehandle kaleka swingulubyani leswintsongo.
Swikoweto nkulu swa mavabyi ya foot and mouth disease i mukhuhlwana – leswivonakaka hiku lahlekeriwa hintsakelo wa swakudya xikan’we na swirhumbani swintsongo enon’weni nati muzzle, leswi endlaka leswaku switikeriwa ku dya swakudya. Swirhumbani leswifanaka switlhela swiva kona eka swinondzwani, leswi endlaka leswaku swifuwo switikeriwa ku famba hikuva switwa swivava. Switala kuva swilandzelelalaha handle ka swinondzwani leswi siyaka laha ko olova ka swiri erivaleni; switlhela swi endla leswaku switika swinene kuva swifamba famba.
Ku vaviseka loku endliwaka hi FMD swile ka swa timali: vuhumelerisi byi khumbeka ngopfu hikuva kukula ka swiharhi swa kavanyeteka, kuhunguteka ka masi, rifu ra swifuwo naswona ku xaviseriwa ka swifuwo swa matiko yale handle swa siveriwa hambi kuri eka mihandzu.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

E handle ka African Swine Flu (ASF), Classic Swine Flu (CSF) xikan’we na foot-and-mouth flu, ku tlhela kuva na mavabyi ya porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) - ‘blue ear disease’. Mavabyi lawa ya herisiwile e Afrika Dzonga kuringana minkarhi yotala kusukela ka 2007 naswona yangaha vuya. Swikoweto nkulu swa PRRS kuva kuri ku onhekeriwa hi ndzhwalu, pneumonia kukatsa na high fever. Lawa aya dlayi kufana na ASF.

Kutshunguriwa ka Mavabyi ya Tinguluve

Akuna swo tshungula swofana na ti antibiotics eka mavabyi ya switsongwatsongwana. Hivumbirhi i mavabyi lawa yanga ‘controlled diseases’ kuya hi nawu wa Animal Health Act. Leswi swivula leswaku kuhleketeleriwa ka kuhangalaka ka mavabyi lawa swifanele swifanele ku vikiwa eka State Veterinarian naswona kuna tindlela to lawula leswinga mavokweni ya mfumo hiku hatlisa loko mavabyi ya tiyisisiwile.
Akuna murhi wotshungula wa ASF, naswona akuna nchumu lexinga eku kunguhatiweni kufikela sweswi. Hambi mirhi ya kahle yinga siya swiharhi leswinga pona leswingana xiotsongwatsongwani xiri na swikoweto leswi vonakalaka. Kuhungutiwa hi minkarhi ka xitsongwatsongwani xa ASF swinga sungula kuhangalaka kun’wani nakambe.

Mimirhi yikona ya FMD naswona yitala kutirhisiwa kun’we na quarantine na ku susiwa eka ndzhawu leyi hlaseriweke. Laha swingana nkoka, mfumo wunga herisa swiharhi hinkwaswo leswinga khomiwa hi mavabyi ya foot-and-mouth disease kutani leswi swinga fa kuherisiwa mintsumbu yatona leswaku kutava na kuherisiwa ka xitsongwatsongwani.
Tiva leswaku:
Vuxokoxoko lebyi i byo dyondzisa naku nyika vutivi ntsena naswona byingaka byinga tekiwi tani hi switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri. Vuxokoxoko lebyi abyi kongomisiwanga eka kuteka xiyimo xa switsundzuxo xa vutshunguri kumbe vutshunguri lebyi nyikiwaka hi dokodela wa swiharhi.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni