Izifo ezino Bungozi kwi Hagu

© Courtesy of National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff (Des Moines, IA USA)

Zininzi izifo neencukuthu ezihlasela iihagu, ezinye zinobungozi ukogqitha ezinye. Ezinye ziyakwazi ukosulelela uluntu, ezinye ziyakwazi kosulela ezinye izilwanyana ezizitho zine neentaka, ezinye zikwindawo yonke ngalendlela inye.
Kuyanceda okokuba umfama onomhlambi weehagu ezisencinci akwazi ukuqwalasela ukosuleleka okuyingozi okunotshabalalisa. Kubalulekile ukuyazi okokuba uncedo lwenene ungalifumana phi kwaye ukwazi ukuchaza iimpawu ezibonakaliswa sisilwanyana okanye zeziphi izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezibonakalayo kwisilwanyana esifileyo.
Olu luhlu lubhalwe apha luzakuchaza ezinye zempawu zezilwanyana ezigulayo ezithi zizibonakalise xa zisaphila kwaye zeziphi ekufanele zichazwe kwi ofisi ekufuphi ka gqirha wezilwanyana oqashwe ngurhulumente.

Yintoni iSwine Fever?

©National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Intsholongwane ezimbini ezifanayo yi African Swine Fever (ASF) kunye ne European Swine Fever, iEuropean Swine Fever ikwaziwa ngokuba yi Classical Swine Fever (CSF) okanye iHog Cholera kwelase United States.
Ezizifo ze ‘swine fever’ ziphantsi kweqela lemikhuhlane ehaemorrhagic (imikhuhlane eyoyanyaniswa nomkhuhlane kunye nokopha igazi) ziquka i-Ebola kunye ne Marburg eyintsholongwane yesifo kunye nosuleleko loluntu olusondeleyo. Yonke lemikhuhlane inembonakalo efanayo yokugula: zosulela ngokukhawuleza, phantse yonke into naye wonke ubani othe wadibana nazo uyosuleleka kwaye inani eliphezulu lamaxhoba ayafa.

Iimpawu ze Swine Fever

Zombini i-ASF kunye ne CSF zilandela ikhondo elinye. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane ophezulu nokopha phantsi kwesikhumba ukuya kumalungu omzimba abalulekileyo, ubungqina bentlungu obulandelwa kukuwa okanye ukufa ngexeshana nje lentsuku. Izidumbu ziyosulela ithuba elingange veki emveni kokufa.
Iingulube kwindawo ezosulelekileyo zingayi thwala intsholongwane ye ASF ixesha elide zihambile imikhanzi eyosulelekileyo, yona ke isebenze njengaleyo ithi yosulele. Abantu abasuleleki yi ASF okanye CSF.
Amafama aye abone ngoqhambuko lokufa olukhawulezileyo kumhlambi, emveni kokwaziswa entsha, okanye ingulube ezikwindawo eyosulelekileyo, ingakumbi kwiphondo lase Limpopo, ezinye iindawo empumalanga nakumantla we KwaZulu Natal eMzantsi Afrika.
I-ASF ininzi kakhulu eCentral nase West Africa kwaye yande yayokufika nase Europe ngoku nase Asia. I-CSF yachazwa ngenxe ntsholongwane eyosulelelayo iminyaka eyadlulayo kwiphondo lase Mpuma Koloni kodwa ke yade yaphela, ngokubhatala ixabiso eliphezulu.

Yintoni Isifo se Senyawo no Mlomo

Isifo iFoot and Mouth Disease (FMD) lusuleleko olusulela ngoku khawuleza kwaye wonke umfama othi avengayo uye ayoyike. Enye ingozi eyongezelekileyo kumafama kukuba yosulela iintlobo zezilwanyana ezohlukileyo, kuquka zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezifana nebhokhwe kunye ne buffalo, izilwanyana zase khaya ezitya ingca (iinkomo, iibhokhwe, iigusha) kunye neehagu. Iyafumaneka nakwindawo ezizodwa ezizimele bucala kwicala lase mazantsi-mpuma elimelelene ne Kruger National Park.

Isifo Senyawo no Mlomo kwi Hagu

©Diseases of Swine 8th edition
Iihagu zichaphazelwa kakhulu yi FMD. Esisifo singabulala izilwanyana ezininzi kwihagwana ezincinci. Iihagu ezindala zingaphila, kodwa zisi sasaze kakhulu intsholongwane zikhuphe izigidi zezinye intsholongwane iinyanga. Izifo kwizilwanyana ezitya ingca ezinkulu azifane zife ngaphandle kwehagu ezisencinci.
Ezona mpawu zesifo FMD ngumkhuhlane- obonakala ngoku ngabina mdla wokutya kunye namadyunguza emlonyeni nase mpumlweni, oku kwenza kubenzima ukutya. Amadyunguza afanayo ayavela ngaphantsi kwenyawo oku kwenza kubenzima ukuhamba. Okulandelayo kukuphuma yonke inwebu yangaphandle eqinileyo eyogqume phantsi kwenyawo iyaphuma, ishiye iimpuphu ezithambileyo zingaphandle; kwakhona isilwanyana siyaqhwalela ukuhamba ngenxa yentlungu.
Umonakalo owenziwa yi FMD ngowezimali; imveliso iyachaphazeleka kakhulu kuku lahlekelwa zizilwanyana, ukwehla kobisi, ukufa kwezilwanyana, kunye namaxesha amade entengiso yangaphandle ayayekiswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zemveliso ezosulelekileyo, kuquka iziqhamo nemifuno.

I-Porcin Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - PRRS

©Dr Jim Robinson
Ngaphandle kwe African Swine Flu (ASF), Classic Swine Flu (CSF) kunye nesifo senyawo nomlomo, ikhona ne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) – ‘blue ear disease’. Esisifo siyingozi siye sasuswa kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika amatyeli amaninzi ukusukela ngonyaka ka 2007 kwaye singaphinda sibuye. Ezona mpawu ze PRRS kukuphuma kwesisu, ipneumonia, kunye nomkhuhlane ophezulu. Kodwa ke ayibulali kakhulu njenge ASF.

Ukunyangwa kwe Zifo ze Hagu

Alukho unyango ologqitha ii-antibiotics ukunyanga ezintsholongwane zezifo. Zombini zi ‘zifo ezilawulwayo’ ngomthetho we Animal Health Act. Oku kuthetha okokuba xa kurhanelwa uqhambuko kufuneka kuchazwe kwi State Veterinarian kwaye izenzo zolawulo zizakuba sezandleni zika rhulumente, xa sele kuqinisekisiwe ngoqhambuko lwesifo.
Alikho ichiza le ASF, kwaye alukho olucwangcisiweyo ngalo mzuzu. Namachiza alungileyo angashiya izilwanyana ezisaphilayo ezithwala intsholongwane zingavezi mpawu. Ukosulela kwe ntsholongwane ye ASF kungaqala olunye uqhambuko. Unyango lukhona lwe FMD kwaye zisetyenziswa zonke nokuthi izilwanyana zibekelwe bucala, okanye zivalelwa bucala kwindawo eyosulelekileyo. Xa kunyanzelekile, urhulumente angabulala zonke izilwanyana ezosuleleke sisifo senyawo nomlomo, akuqgiba atshabalalise izidumbu zemizimba yazo njengeyona ndlela esebenzayo ukutshabalalisa intsholongwane.
Nceda qaphela:
Ezi nkcukacha zenzelwe ukufundisa nokunikeza ulwazi kuphela kwaye akufuneka zibonwe njenge ngcebiso yezempilo egunyazisiweyo. Okongeza, olu lwazi alenzekwanga ukuthabatha ingcebiso ka ggqirha okanye unyango olunikezwa ngugqirha wezilwanyana.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie