Mangoza (Mangifera indica L.) sitselo sesive sas India, Pakistan, nase Philippines. Uhluma kahle etindzaweni letishisako kufaka ekhatsi letinye tindzawo tase Ningizimu Afrika.
Lomangoza uhluma ubesemkhatsini kuya kulomkhulu, cishe 9 kuya ku 35 m, sihlahla lesihlala siluhlata lesicondzene nemndeni wemantongomane iAnacardiaceae.
Bomangoza labaluhlata basetjentiselwa luswayi noma kufakwa kwa oyili, kudla lokubaba, ichutney kanye netintfo letomile. Abe anongotela, mangoza lovutsiwe usetjentiswa ekufakweni etikoteleni, ijusi, ipuree kanye nekomisa. Lama kernels eoyili levutsiwe angadliwa, asetjentiswe kumitsi lefakwako leyelaphako, kwentela kudla kwetilwane kanye ne oyili.
Umlandvo WekuKhicitwa kwa Mangoza
Sintfu ne mlandvo kuyavuma kutsi imvelaphi yamangoza kuse India. Umlandvo wamandvulo kanye nema India, kukhona tindzaba noma tinganekwane letiningi letihambisana nesihlahla samangoza. Sisila lesatiwako sifaka umlandzeli lowetsembekile lowaniketa Buddha ingadze yamangoza kuze atophumula emtfuntini wesihlahla samangoza.
Lolomkhulu kakhulu Mogul Emperor, Akbar, lowaphatsa kusuka ngemnyaka wa 1556 kuya kumnyaka wa 1605 bekakadze anengadze yetihlahla tamangoza letiyinkhulungwane lelikhulu. Leti tatitinkhulu , ngisho nangesigaba sesimanje. Kwatsi ngesikhatsi emaPortuguese atfola kuhlala eWestern India, aphindze abita lesitselo ‘manga’, cishe lokwatsatfwa kuleligama le Tamil ‘manga’. Kusuka eIndia, lesitselo sasakaka saya enshonalanga, kumbe ngebatsengisi kanye nemakholonisi ase Europe. Titjalo tekucala letatsengiswa eNshonalanga tasungulwa bahlali bema Portuguese eBrazil ngeminyaka ya 1700.
eNingizimu Afrika, bomangoza bekucala bahlanyelwa ngu Jan vn Riebeeck eCape Town kepha lesimo selitulu sasemnceleni sakhomba kutsi asimulungeli. Letinye tinhlanyelo tamangoza endzaweni yaKwaZulu-Natal lefutfumele yasungulwa ngesikhatsi sekuphela kwemnyaka wa 1850. Nomakunjalo, titjalo tentsengo kuphela letacala empumalanga ngesikhatsi semnyaka wa 1920 endzaweni yase Ofcolaco, ledvute ne Tzaneen leseSifundzeni sase Limpopo nase Malelane Esifundzeni sase Mpumalanga.
Inhlanyelo ya mangoza: Limpentjisi ne Sabre, kwaba kwekucala lokwahlanyelwa eNingizimu Afrika. Letinhlanyelo totimbili iKent ne Zil tetfulwa ngemnyaka wa 1954 base bachubela ekukhuleni ngemkhicito ngemuva kwemnyaka wa 1960 eOfcolaco, eSigodzini se Letsitele, etindzaweni te Letaba lapho kwatfolwa khona kutsi letinhlanyelo letimbili tikhokha lokuhle kuletindzawo.
Lokutfolwa ku Mangoza
Bomangoza batfwele linani leliphakeme lemanti – lelingaba ngu 72 kuya ku 86%, emacarbohydrates – langaba ngu 9 kuya ku 25%, kantsi futsi uphansi ngemaprotein ngekubekisa nga 0.9 kuya ku 5.1%, abe emafutsa avela nga 0.2 – 2.7%.
Bomangoza batfwala inhlobo ye phytochemicals kanye nemanutrients. Uphakeme ngekuba kudla, vitamin C, provitamin A, phindze utfwele lokungaba ngu 10% wetidzingo tawonkhe malanga ta vitamin B6 kanjalo nema carotenoids kanye ne polyphenols.
iPolyphenol yamangoza isebenta kahle njengentfo lehlanganisako levikela tinhlayiya temuntfu ekulinyatweni yi DNA phindze netitfo letiningi letingetekako. Lomndlandla we polyphenol mangiferin kutsi uhlanganise tifo letakhekile letifana nesifo senhlitiyo kanye nesifo samdlavuza sekukhonjisiwe.
Inkomishi yinye yamangoza nayo iyintfo leyimphumelelo yemacembe kanye ne copper, lokunikela 20% kanye na 10%, ngekuhlonipha, kwentfo ya onkhe malanga ledzingwa ngulomdzala.
Kutsatsela kwa Mangoza
Lomangoza uhlobene nemndeni wemantongomane iAnacrdiaceae phindze uhlobene nephoyizini ivy. Labanye bantfu bakhomba kutsatsela kumangoza njengemphumela wekufanana kumaprotein latfoliwe kumangoza kanye nasekuvundzisweni.
Timphawu tekutsatsela (Oral allergy syndrome – PAS) kuvela kumizuzu lembalwa ngemuva kwekudla mangoza futsi akukahlangahlangani kutsi kungacatululeka ngemizuzu lembalwa. Lenye intfo leyentekako lebitwa ngekutsi ‘chumana nekufundza sikhumba’ kubanga emachuchumba esikhunjeni. Yentiwa noma ibangwa yi urushiol letfolwa esikhunjeni nalesitselo lesingaphansi kwesikhumba.
Bantfu labanekutsatsela kumangoza bayacwayiswa kutsi bagwame tindlela titselo letiluhlata. Mangoza lophekiwe awukavami kubanga inking. Phindze lokokutsatsela kutintfo letimantongomane noma ema pistachios kumele kugwame mangoza ngendzaba yesento sekuphambana.
Translated by Phindile Malotana