Imango (Mangifera indica L.) sisiqhamo selizwe lase India, Pakistan, kunye nase Philippines. Ikhula kakuhle kwiingingqi ezitshisayo kuquka neengingqi ezithile zase Mzantsi Afrika.
Imango ikhula kumthi ophakathi ukuya komkhulu ngomlinganiselo, uba malunga ne 9-35 m. Lo mthi uhlala uluhlaza ukusapho lwe cashew Anacardiaceae.
Iimango ezi luhlaza zisetyenziswelwa ityuwa okanye ukuqhola i-oli, iicurry, iichutney kunye neemveliso ezikhanywe amanzi. Logama iimango ezivuthiweyo neziswiti zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ijusi, ukunkonkxwa, ipuree kunye nokomiselwa umqwayito. Iipeta ezizele yi oli.
Imbali ngeMveliso ye Mango
I-Horticulturist kunye neengcali ze mbali ziyavumelana ukuba imango yaqala kwilizwe lase India. Kwizibhalo zamandulo kunye nakwii ntsomi zase India, maninzi amabali athetha ngomthi we mango. Enye yeentsomi ezixhaphakileyo ithetha ngomlandeli ozinikeleyo owanika uBuddha intsimi ye mango ukuze akwazi ukuphumla phantsi komthi we mango.
I-Mogul Emperor, Akbar, owalawula ukusukela kwiminyaka ka 1556 ukuya koka 1605 wayene ntsimi enemithi engama 100 000 yemithi ye mango. Le mithi yayimikhulu ngeyona ndlela. Uhlanga lwama Portuguese lwathi xa lufika eNtshona India, nalo lwabiza esi siqhamo nge ‘manga’. Kuqikelelwa ukuba eligama lacatshulwa kwigama lolwimi lwe Tamil elithi ‘manga’. Ukusuka kwilizwe lase India, esi siqhamo sanwewela ngase ntshona, kungenzeka ukuba sathuthwa ngabathengisi kunye nabemi base Europe. Izityalo zokuqala zentengiso eNtshona zasekwa ngabaphambukeli bohlanga lwama Portuguese kwilizwe lase Brazil ngeminyaka yoo 1700.
eMzantsi Afrika, imango zokuqala zatyalwa ngu Jan van Riebeeck kwidolophu yase Kapa, kodwa imozulu yaselunxwemeni ayizange ilungelane nezi ziqhamo. Ezinye izityalo ze mango zasekwa kwiPhondo elifudumeleyo la KwaZulu-Natal ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo 1850. Kodwa ke, izityalo zentengiso zaqala kakuhle ngeminyaka yoo 1920 kwingingqi yase Ofcolaco, nekufutshane nase Tzaneen kwiPhondo lase Limpopo, kwakunye nase Malelane kwiPhondo lase Mpumalanga.
Iindidi zemango ezibizwa nge Peach kunye ne Sabre zaqala ukulinywa eMzantsi Afrika. Iindidi ezibizwa nge Kent kunye ne Zill zaveliswa malunga neminyaka yoo 1954 zaze zakhokelela ekukhuleni kwe mveliso emva kweminyaka yoo 1960 kwindawo yase Ofcolaco, iindawo yase Letsitele Valley, kunye nengingqi ezise. Letaba nalapho kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezi ndidi zimbini zavelisa isivuno esihle kwezi ngingqi.
Imivuzo ye Mango
Iimango ziqulathe amanzi amaninzi-malunga nama 72% ukuya kuma 86%. Zikwanazo nee carbohydrates – malunga ne 9 ukuya kuma 25%. Inezinga eliiphantsi le protheni, kuqikelelwa isibalo esiyi 0.9 - 5.1%, logama amafutha eyi 0.2 - 2.7%.
Iimango zikwaqulathe nee phytochemicals kunye nezinongo ezahlukeneyo. Inesibalo esiphezulu se dietary fibre, vitamin C, provitamin A, kwaye iqulathe nesibalo esifikelela kwi 10% lemfuno yemihla ngemihla ye vitamin B6 kwakunye ne carotenoids ne polyphenols.
Iipolyphenols ze mango polyphenols zisebenza kakhulu njenge antioxidants ezikhusela amajoni omzimba ekonakaleni kwe DNA kunye nezifo ezininzi ezonakalisa amajoni omzimba. Ubungqina bokuba iipolyphenol mangiferin zingakwazi ukuthintela nokunyanga izifo ezonakalisa amajoni omzimba ezifana nezifo zentliziyo kunye nesifo somhlaza bubonakaliswe kakhulu.
Ikomityi enye ye mango ingumthombo olungileyo we folate kunye ne copper. Esi sibalo singane galelo lama 20% kunye ne 10% wezidingo zemihla ngemihla zomntu omdala.
I-Allergy ze Mango
Imango ikusapho lwe cashew Anacardiaceae, kwaye ihlobene ne tyhefu ye ivy. Abanye abantu baye babonakalise iimpawu ze allergy (ukwaliwa sisiqhamo, ngokuthi ugule) ngenxa yokufana kwee protini ezifumaneka kwii mango nakwii poleni.
Enye impawu yokwaliwa sesi siqhamo ingabonakala nge Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) neye ivele emva kokutya iimango. Le allergy ayikho nzulu kwaye isenokuphela emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Enye impawu ibizwa nge ‘contact dermatitis’ neye iguhule umzimba. Yona ke ibangelwa yi urushiol efumaneka exolweni lesi siqhamo, kunye nalendawo yesiqhamo ilapha phantsi kwexolo. Kucetyiswa ukuba abantu abaliwayo yi mango bangasityi kwaphela esi siqhamo xa sikrwada. Imango ephekiweyo ayifane ibenabungozi. Enye into, abantu abaliwayo yi cashew okanye pistachios nabo akufanelanga bayitye imango.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana