Umengo (Mangifera indica L.) sithelo seNdiya, Pakistan, kanye ne-Philippines. SIkhula kuhle eendaweni ezi-subtropical ekubalwa ezinye iindawo zeSewula Africa.
Umengo-ukhula eendaweni ezihlangana kwendawo ukuya kwezikulu, endaweni ekungasenani emamitha ayi-9 ukuya kwayi-35, imithi ehlala ihlaza satjani ngokombala yekhabomndeni we-cashew i-Anacardiaceae.
Umengo omkhulu usetjenziselwa ukwenza ama-pickling wetswayi, ama-curry kanye nama-chutney neminye imikhiqizo ekhitjhwe amanzi, lokha umengo ovuthiweko osudu usetjenziselwa ukukhenwa, ukwenza ijeli kanye nokonyiswa. Ama-kernel azele amafutha angadliwa, asetjenziselwe ukwenza iinhlanhla, nanyana enziwe ukudla kwenlanwe nanyana amafutha.
Umlando Womkhiqizo Womengo
Ama-Horticulturists kanye nama-historians bayavumelana kobana umengo ubuya enarheni yeNdiya. Isiko lakade lendatjana eziqoqwa maNdiya, kunendatjana ezinengi ezihlobana nemithi yemengo. Hlangana kwezinye iindatjana ezithandwa khulu kubalwa abalandeli egade bathembekile abanikeza u-Buddha isimu yomengo, ukwenzela bona azokuphumula ngaphasi komthunzi womuthiwomengo.
Ikosi ekulu i-Mogul Emperor, u-Akbar wabusa kusukela ngonyaka ka-1556 ukuya ngonyaka ka-1605 begodu gade inesimu enemithi yemengo eyi-1000 000 esifundeni sepumlanga seNdiya, elinye ibizo layo libizwa kobana yi-fruit manga, ekulibizo elivela ebizweni lesi-Tamil imanga. Kusukela eNdiya isthelwesi sasabalala sathinga etjingalanga, sisatjalaliswa barhwebi kanye nama-colonist we-Europe. Istjalosokuthoma esatjalwa ngomncopho wokwenza inzuzo epumalanga yatlanywa bahlali be-Portuguese e-Brazil ngonyaka ka-1700.
ESewula Africa, umengo wokuthoma watjalwa nguJan van Riebeeck eKapa kodwana itlayimedi yetlhagwini khange iwuthande. Eminye imengo yatjalwa esifundeni saKwaZulu-Natal watlanywa ngenkhathi zabo-1850 lada. Nanyana kunjalo, isimu yawo etjalwe ngomcopho wokwenza inzuzo bathome ukuyitjala ngeminyaka yabo-1920 endaweni ye-Ofcolao, eseduze kweTzaneen esifundeni seLimpopo kanye nemalelane esifundeni seMpumalanga.
Eminye imihlobo yemengo: yi-peach kanye ne-sabre, eyatjalwa kokuthoma enarheni le yeSewula Africa. Imihlobo yayo yi-kent kanye ne-zill eyathulwa ngeminyaka yabo-1954 eyarholela ekukhuleni komkhiqizo wayo ngeminyaka yabo-1960 e-Ofcolaco, e-Letsitele Valley, nendaweni ze-Letaba lapha ekwatholakala kobana imihlobo emibili le ikhiqiza umkhiqizo omuhle eendaweni.
Inzuzo Elethwa Mumengo
Umengo umumethe ileveli ephezulu yamanzi – okungasenani i-72 ukuya ku-86%, yama-carbohydrates – okungasenani i-9 ukuya ku-25%, inenani eliphasi lama-protein, elibalelwa ku-0.9 -5.1%, lokha amafutha atjengisa i-0.2 - 2.7%.
Umengo umemethe imihlobohlobo yama-phytochemicals kanye nezinye izakhimzimba. Uzele imithiya edliwako, i-vithamini C, kanye ne-provivitamin A, begodu imumethe i-10% yentlhogeko zaqobe malanga ze-vitamin B6 kanye nama-caratenoids ne-polyphenols.
I-Mango polyphenol isebenza khulukhulu njenge-antioxidant evikela amaseli wabantu ekukhandeleni ukonakala kwe-DNA kanye namanye amalwelwe. Irhono le-polyphenol mangiferin ukukhandeleni amalwelwe afana nobulwelwe behliziyo kanye nenkakere sele butjengisiwe.
Ibhigiri linye lomengo, limthombo omuhle we-folate kanye nekhopha, lisabalalisa i-20% kanye ne-10% letlhogeko yazo ebantwini abadala.
I-Aleji Yomengo
Umengo uvela ngaphasi komndeni we-cashew i-Anacardiaceae begodu hlobana ne-poison ivy. Abanye abantu batjengisa ukuba ne-aleji yawo ngebanga lokufana kwamaprotheyini etholakala emengweni kanye nakuma-pollens.
I-Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) yenzeka ngemva kwemizuzwana umuntu one-aleji yomengo adle umengo, begodu iyi-aleji engasibudisi engalatjhwa ngemva kwemizuzwana. Enye i-aleji ibizwa bona yi-‘contact dermatitis’ ebanga iratjhi eskhunjeni.Ibangelwa yi-urushiol etholakala ekelweni kanye nesthelweni esingaphasi kwekelo.
Abantu abane-aleji yomengo bayeleliswa kobana bangawudli uhlaza. Umengo ophekiweko owubangi ama-aleji. Nalabo abane-aleji ye-cashew nanyana i-pistachious kufanele bangawuthinti umengo ngebanga lokobana uyafana nenthelwezo.
Tjheja:
Ilwazeli lenzelwe ukufundisa kanye nehloso yokuphana ngelwazi kwaphela, akukafaneli kobana lisetjeziselwe njengeseluleko sokwelapha. Ilwazeli alikenzelwa umncopho wokujamiselela iinluleko zezokwelapha nanyana ukwelatjhwa okuphiwa ngusiyazi wezamaphilo.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana