Balimi kufuna bahle bagadze tindzawo tabo kwentela kubona tilwanyana kanye netinkinga tetifo ngaphambi kwekuba loku kuphume esandleni. Tilwanyana letitsite tingelapheka ngekwekwelapha, tibe letinye kumele telashwe ngekuvikela umangabe timo tiphocelela kutfutfuka kwato.
Emakhemikhali labulala tilwane, nomakunjalo, akukameli atsatfwe njengentfo leyengcisako, kepha asetjentiswe ekuhlanganiseni nemalungiselelo ekulima ekunakekela, intfo lefana nekuguculwa kwenhlanyelo, lokuphatamiseka lokuncane kwemhlabatsi nencenye yenhlanyelo lemfisha, kanjalo nekusetjentiswa kwentfo yetilwanyana letimelwako nakulinywa, tinhlavu letisemtsetfweni, indlela lecotfo yekulungiselela umhlabatsi nemalungiselelo ekunakekela kwentela kuvikela tinkinga. Lesivumelwano emkhatsini welicembu lebantfu ngekutsi letitjalo letihlanyelwe emhlabatsini lokahle tiyakhona kumela tinkinga tendzawo kanye netifo kunetitjalo letihlanyelwe emhlabatsini lomubi.
Nakufikwa ekunakekelweni kwetilwanyana, kwenta umcondvo kwakha budlelwane nalobhekene nemakhemikhali noma lowati kabanti ngekulima kwentela kusita kutfola kahle nekugadza tilwanyana. Ngisho nebalimi bentsengo bayakwenta, nababona kutsi loku akukhonakali kutsi wati yonkhe intfo ngekukhicita. Lushintjo etimeni telitulu kukhokha ekushintjeni kwenombolo yetilwanyana kanye netifo, umphumela lovelako etigodzini lapho kungazange kuvele ngaphambilini, phindze ngaletinye tikhatsi lebetingaviwa ngaphambilini.
Tilwanyana letehlukene tihlasela tincenye letehlukene tetitjalo temabele, ngetulu nangaphansi kwemhlabatsi. Le Agricultural Reasearch Centre – Indzawo yeLucwalingo lweteKulima ikhombisa letilwanyana letilandzelako njengetintfo letibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwetilwanyana temabele.
Tilwanyana Letibulala Tinhlavu neMahlanga
Black maize beetle, greater false wireworm ne lesser false wireworm (libhungane lelimnyama lemmbila, sibunguselihwayela sesiphosiso lesikhulu ne sibunguselihwayela sesiphosiso lesingaphansi) akukavami kuvela njalonjalo ngesikhatsi sekwehla kwetimvula tasehlobo kulendzawo. Leti tilwanyana tidla tinhlavu kanye nemahlanga etitjalo letincane temabele letingetulu kwemhlabatsi, lokubangela letitjalo kutsi tiyagobeka phindze tife. Ema Wireworms abanga kulimala abe esigabeni sawo sekukhula, ibe iblack maize beetles ibanga kulimala uma asesigabeni sebudzala.
Tibungu teSifundza lesiseNshonalanga igrain worm (sibungu semabele) ne Sandveld grain worm (iSandveld sibungu semabele) sibangela tinhlavu nemahlanga kulimala eWestern Cape. iGrain worm yeSifundza saseNshonalanga kuhlasela kwayo kuvela ngemuva kwetimvula letimatima.
Kwelashwa kwetinhlavu kanye nemalungiselelo emasiko lasekela kuhluma kanye netitjalo letincane temabele letenteka ngekushesha kukhula kwato kusita kunciphisa kuhlukumeteka kwetitjalo etilwanyaneni. Kulesisikhatsi kute emakhemikhali labhalisiwe kwentela kugadza iWestern Province grain worm noma iSandveld grain worm.
Bahlaseli beMacembe neMahlanga
iRussian wheat aphids ivela etindzaweni tetimvula tasehlobo eNingizimu Afrika. Tihlasela emacembe nemahlanga etitjalo, lokubangela lamacembe kutsi agucuke abemhlophhe, mtfubi noma lukhwebeletana. Lokusebenta kwalokungavumi lokuhlanyelwe nguyona ndlela lekahle yekugadza. Ngesikhatsi kusetjentiswa emakhemikhali ekugadza, balimi kumele baciniseke kutsi basebentisa umkhicito logadza inhlobo letsite lebangela kulimala kulokulinyiwe.
Bahlaseli beNdlebe
iBollworm, ibrown ear aphid ne oat aphid kuhlasela letindlebe temabele. iBollworm ngebungiyo yinkinga lephansi eWestern Cape nasemasimini emabele langaphansi kwekuniselwa. Lesibungu sidla sitaputapu lesiluhlata semacembe lekukhokha emacashata lamhlophe kanye nemabala. Lesibungu siyanyakata kulendlebe yemabele ngesikhatsi lesitjalo sikhula, lekukhokha kulahleka kwemkhicito kanjalo nelizinga leliphansi. Kubukwa kwemakhemikhali kungacatjangwa ngesikhatsi 10% wetindlebe uphila ngasinye noma letiningi tibungu kuyinye indlebe.
Translated by Phindile Malotana