Abalimi kufanele bahlale bahlolisisa iinarha zabo ngasosoke isikhathi ukubona bona akunanunwana namalwelwe ezingaletha imiraro ngaphambi kobana ziphume ngaphasi kwelaluwulo. Iinunwana ezithileko namalwelwe amanye kungalapheka, kuthi ezinye zilatjhwe ngokobana zikhandelwe zingakathomi nofana zivele nakutholakala bona kunobujamo obungabanga bona zivele.
Itjhefu ebulula iintjhabalalisi (pesticides), kufanele ingathathwe njengesisombululo esisodwa esenza umkariso mraro, kodwana kufanele sisetjenziswe ngokuhlanganyela nokusebenzisa ezinye iinkambiso zokutlhogomela lokha nakulinywako ezifana nokutjhintjwatjhintjwa kwendawo lapho ekutjalwa khona (crop rotation), ukuthikanyezwa kancani kwehlabathi nemirabho esalako lakha nakuvunwa ikoroyi, kanye nokusebenzisa izinto zokulima ezikghona ukujamelana neentjhabalalisi, iimbewu eziqinisekisiweko, ukulungiselela ihlabathi yokulima ngendlela efaneleko nokusebenzisa iinkambiso zokukhandela imiraro engahle ivele. Ngokujayelekileko iintjalo ezitjalwe ehlabathi ehle ziyakghona ukujamelana nokugandeleleka kwebhoduluko namalwelwe kuneentjalo ezitjalwe endaweni enehlabathi etlhagako.
Lokha naziza ekulawuleni iintjhabalalisi, kuyingqondo ehle ukwakha ubudlelwano nababonisani bamakhemikhali nofana abosotheknikhi babalimi bona bakulekelele ekutholeni nekulawuleni iintjhabalalisi. Nabalimi abakhulu abaveleleko bayakwenza lokhu, njemgombana bazi bona akukghonakali bona umuntu azi koke okuphatheleni nokukhiqiza ayedwa ngaphandle kokuthola ilekelelo kabanye abanelwazi. Ukutjhuguluka kobujamo bezulu bephasi mazombe nakho kunomthelela ekutheni kutjhuguluke isibalo seenunwana namalwelwe, ekurholela ekutheni zivele eendaweni lapho egade zingaveli khona ngaphambilini, nalapho egade kungaziwa nangazo khona.
Iinunwanwa ezahlukahlukeneko zisahlela ingqenye yesitjalo sekoroyi, ngaphezulu nangaphasi kwehlabathi. I-Agricultural Research Centre ifanisa iinunwana ezilandela njengeziqakatheke khulu ekulawuleni iinunwana zekoroyi:
Iinunwana Ezona Imbewu Nesiqu
Black maize beetle, greater false wireworm ne-lesser false wireworm zivela ngesikhathi sehlobo nendaweni lapho ekuna khona izulu. Iinunwanezi zidla imbewu nesiqu sesitjalo sekoroyi esisesesincani ngaphasi kwehlabathi, okubangela bona isitjalo leso sitjhwabe bese siyafa. Ama-Wireworms abanga ukonakala lokha nakasesitejini sokuthoma sepilo yazo zisesesibungwana, besekuthi i-black maize beetles ibanga ukonakala lokha i-Black maize beetle, greater false wireworm ne lesser false wireworm nazisesitejini sobudala.
Iimbungwana ezibizwa nge-Western Province grain worm ne-Sandveld grain zibanga ukonakala kwembewu nesiqu esifundeni se-Western Cape. Iimbungu ezibizwa nge-Western Province grain worm ziqubuka khulu ngemva kokunakhulu kwezulu.
Ukulapha iimbewu nokusebenzisa iindlela ezijayelekileko zokulekelela ukumila nokukhula msinya kwesitjalo sekoroyi esisesesincani zirhelebha ekwehliseni izinga lokobana iintjalo zidliwe ziintjhabalalisi. Ngalesi isikhathi awekho amakhemikhali atlolisiweko alawula umhlobo weembungu ze-Western Province grain worm nofana i-Sandveld grain worm.
Iinhlaseli Zamakari Nesiqu
I-Russian wheat aphids yenzeka ngesikhathi sehlobo nakuna izulu eendaweni zeSewula Afrika. Zisahlela amakari neziqu zeentjalo, okubangela bona amakari atjhuguluke abe nombala omhlophe, tjheli nophephuli. Ukusebenzisa izinto zokulima kuyindlela ehle yokulawula engasetjenziswa. Nakusetjenziswa amakhemikhali ukulawula iinunwana, abalimi kufanele benze isiqiniseko sokobana basebenzisa imikhiqizo akhambelana nama-biotype abafuna ukuwasusa layo abanga ukonakala eplasini labo.
Iinhlaseli Zeendlebe
I-Bollworm, brown ear aphid ne oat aphid zisahlela khulu iindlebe zekoroyi. I-Bollworm imuraro khulukhulu esifundeni se-Western Cape nemasimini wekoroyi aniselwa khulu. Isibungwana esincani sidla i-chlorophyll yamakari ekuletha umphumela wokobana kuvele umbala nemida emhlotjhana ungasuthi ifeyidlana. Isibungwanesi sitjhidela endlebeni yekoroyi lokha nayikhulako, ekurholela ekutheni umkhiqizo okhiqizwako wehle kunye nekhwalithi yayo. Ukungenelela kwamakhemikhali kufanele kuqalelelwe lokha i10% yeendlebe nayibungelelwe sibungu nofana ziimbungu qobe nyaka.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana