Swidlaya switsotswana, hambiswiritano, aswi fanelangi ku tekiwa tani hi tlulu ra nsuku, kambe swifanele ku tirhisiwa tani hi nhlangano wa nhlayiso wa maendlelo ya vurimi, kufana na kucinca cinca ka swibyariwa, nkavanyeto wale hansi wa misava, ku hlayisiwa ka misava, xikan’we naku tirhisiwa switsotswana leswi twananaka na swibyariwa, mbewu leyi pasisiweke, ndzulamiso lowu ringaneleke wa misava xikan’we na maendlelo ya vulawuri ku sivela swiphiqo. Mpfumelelano lowunga kona hileswaku swimilani leswinga byariwa eka misava ya kahle swikota ku kondzelela ntshikelelo wa mbango xikan’we na mavabyi kutlula swimilani leswi byariweke eka misava leyingariki kahle.
Loko swita eka vulawuri bya switsotswana, swa twisiseka ku aka vuxaka exikarhi ka mutivi wa tikhemikhali kumbe mutivi wa vuthekiniki bya purasi ku pfuneta ku tiva naku lawula switsotswana. Hambi mapurasi lawa yangana switirhisiwa sworinganela ya endla leswi, loko vativa leswaku aswi koteki kuva vativa hinkwaswo hi vuhumelerisi. Ku cinca ka swiyimo swa maxelo swi endla leswaku kuva naku cinca eka nhlayo ya switsotswana xikan’we na mavabyi, leswi endlaka leswaku switsotswani leswi swihumelela eka tindzhawu leti aswingari kona, naswona minkarhi yin’wana aswinga se tshama switwala eka tona.
Switsotswani swo hambana hambana swihlasela swiphemu swohambana hambana swa koroni, ehenhla xikan’we nale hansi ka misava. Va Agricultural Research Centre va vone switsotswana leswi landzelaka tani hi swin’wana swa nkoka eka vulawuri bya switsotswana swa koroni:
Switsotswani Leswi Onhaka Mbewu na Tshindi
Black maize beetle, greater false wireworm na lesser false wireworm switala ku humelela eka nguva hinkwayo laha kungana timpfula ta ximumu. Switsotswani leswi swidya mbewu na tshindi ra swimilani swa koroni ehansi nyana ka misava, leswi vangaka kuvuna kutani swimilani swi fa. Wireworms swiendla nhlaselo swahari eka xiteji xa larval, loko swifufunhunu swa black maize beetles swi onhaka loko se swikurile.Larvae of the Western Province grain worm na Sandveld grain worm swivanga nhlaselo eka mbewu na tshindi eka xifundzha xa Western Cape. Nhlaselo wa Western Province grain worm wutala kuva wuhumelela loko kuri na timpfula ta matimba. Nsawutiso wa mbewu xikan’we na maendlelo ya ndzhavuko lawa seketelaka ku mila ka mbewu xikan’we naku hatlisa ka kukula ka swimilani swa koroni swi hunguta kuva e khombyeni ka swimilani hikokwalaho ka switsotswani. Eka nkarhi lowu akuna ti khemikhali leti tsarisiweke ku lawula xiyimo xa Western Province grain worm kumbe Sandveld grain worm.
Vahlaseri va Matluka na Tshindi
Russian wheat aphids ti humelela eka tindzhawu letinga tala timpfula ta ximumu ta Afrika Dzonga. Ti hlasela tshindi na matluka ya swimilani, swivanga leswaku matluka kuva ya hundzuka yobasa, xitshopani kumbe purple. Ku tirhisiwa ka swibyariwa leswi kondzelelaka i vulawuri lebyikulu byo antswa eka xiyimo lexi. Loko kutirhisiwa vulawuri bya tikhemikhali, van’wamapurasi vafanele ku tiyisisa leswaku vatirhisa switirhisiwa leswi hlaselaka biotype yo karhi leyi tisaka nhlaselo eka purasi.Vahlaseri va Tindleve
Bollworm, brown ear aphid na oat aphid switala ku hlasela tindleve ta koroni. Bollworm i xiphiqo lexikulu swinene exifundzheni xa Western Cape na masimu ya koroni lawa ya cheletiwaka. Swakudya swa larvae eka chlorophyll ya matluka leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na mavala yobasa. Larvae yifamba kuya eka tindleve ta koroni loko swimilani swikula, leswi tisaka kulahlekeriwa swinene xikan’we na khwalithi yale hansi swinene. Kunghenelela ka tikhemikhali swifanele ku tekeriwa enhlokweni loko 10% wa tindleve ta koroni tihlaseriwa hi yinwe kumbe ti larvae totala hi ndleve.Translated by Ike Ngobeni