Mishongo ya u pandela zwikhokhonono, naho zwo ralo i fanela u shuma fhedzi i songo tou dzhiwa uri i shuma zwo tou ralo hu fanela uvha hu tshi khou tevhedziwa milayo ya bulasini, u fana na u shandukiswa ha zwimela, I tswenya mavu zwine zwa vha zwituku na stubble retention, na u kona u shumisa zwithu zwine zwa kona u kondelela zwikhokhonono, mbeu ine ya vha mulayoni, na ndila dzone dza u lugisela mavu na u kona u langa uri u kone u tandulula vhuthada vhunwe na vhunwe. Muhumbu, muhulwane hu vha hu uri tshimela tshine tsha vha uri tsho tavhiwa kha mavu a vhudi tshi ya kona u kondelela nyimelo dzothe, dzine tshimela tshine tsha vha tsho tavhiwa kha mavu ane avha uri asi avhudi tshi ya balelwa.
Musi zwi tshi da kha u kona u langa tshimela, zwi vha zwavhudi u fhata vhushaka na vhane vha divha mishonga kana vhane vha shuma ngazwo uri vha kone u thusa kha u talusa na u langa zwikhokhonono. Naho huna uri na vhorabulasi vhane vha vha uri vha ya divhea vhane vha tavhela mbuyelo vha ya zwiita hezwi, fhedzi vha ya kona u pfesesa uri azwo ngo leluwa uri u tavhanye u vhona vhuthada kha hune wa vha u tshi khou bveledza hone. Zwa u shanduka na mutsho nazwone zwi ya ita uri hu vhe na uda ha zwikhokhonono na malwadze, zwine zwa sia hezwi zwi tshi khou ya na kha vhupo hune tshifhinga tsho fhiraho zwo vha zwi songo ya, na fhethu hune zwo vha zwi sa thu vhuya zwa pfiwa.
Zwikhokhonono zwine zwa vha uri zwo fhambana zwi ya kwama zwimela uya nga u fhambana zwa wheat, nntha na fhasi ha mavu. Vha Agricultural Research Centre vho tumbula zwikhokhonono zwitevhelaho, sa zwine zwa vha uri ndi zwa ndeme khau langa wheat:
Zwikhokhonono Zwine zwa Tshinyadza Mbeu na Tsinde
Black maize beetle, greater false wireworm na lesser false wireworm dzi vha hone nga tshifhinga tsha dzi mvula dza tshilimo. Hezwi zwikhokhonono zwila mbeu na tsinde zwa zwiraba zwa wheat, fhasi mavuni, zwa ita uri tshimela tshi ome tshife. Wireworms tshi vhanga khakhathi musi zwi tshi khou hula, ngeno huna uri black maize beetles tshi tshi tshinyadza musi zwo no tou hula tshothe.Thukhu dza Western Province grain worm na Sandveld grain worm zwi vhaisa mbeu na tsinde kha vundu la Western Cape. Western Province grain worm zwi vha hone nga maanda rali ho vha na mvula khulwane.
Zwa u kona u lafha mbeu zwi ya thusa kha musi muri u tshi khou hula, na u tola zwiraba zwi ya thsua kha u nga delelwa nga zwikhokhonono, nga hetshi tshifhinga ahu tou vha na mishonga ine ya vha uri yo nwaliswa ya ulwa na hezwi Western Province grain worm or Sandveld grain worm.
U Dzheneliwa kha Matari na Tsinde
Russian wheat aphids I vha hone Afrika Tshipembe nga murahu ha mvula khulwane dza tshilimo, zwine zwa fhedza zwi tshi khou ita uri matari avhe na muvhala mutshena, phephulu kana tshitopi. Zwa u shumisa tshaka dzine dza vha uri dzi ya kondelela ndi zwone zwine zwa fanela u itwa. Musi hu tshi khou langiwa nga mishonga, vhalimi vha fanela u zwiita mafhungo uri vha khou shumisa tshithu tshine tsha do lwa na vhulwadze hune ha kha vha dina fhedzi.U Dzheneliwa kha Ndevhe
Bollworm, brown ear aphid na oat aphid zwi ya thasela kha ndevhe ya wheat. Bollworm ndi yone thaidza khulwane ya u thoma Western Cape na masimuni hune wheat ya vha i tshi khou tou sheledziwa. Vhana vha hone vha vha vha tshi khou la zwa ndeme kha matari zwine zwa fhedza zwi tshi khou ita uri matari avhe atshi khou shandukisa muvhala, zwenezwo tshimela tshi tshi khou hula nahone zwi ya kwama vhukuma zwianiwa. Hu fanela uvha na u dzhenelela wa lafha arali zwine zwa swika matari a 10% ono kavhiwa.Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe