Abalimi kufanele bahlole njalo umhlaba wabo ukuze babone izinkinga zezinambuzane nezifo ngaphambi kokuba baphume. Ezinye izinambuzane nezifo zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, kanti ezinye kufanele ziphathwe ngokuvimbela uma izimo zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwazo.
Ama-pesticides akufanele nanini abhekwe njenge-bullet yesiliva, kodwa asetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nemikhuba yokulima yokulondoloza, njengokujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukuphazanyiswa okuncane kwenhlabathi nokugcinwa kwezinhlanga, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo ezibekezela izinambuzane, imbewu eqinisekisiwe, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanele kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha ukuvimbela izinkinga. Ukuvumelanisa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi izitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini enhle ziyakwazi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka nezifo eziningi zemvelo kunezitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini empofu.
Uma kuziwa ekulawuleni izinambuzane, kunengqondo ukwakha ubudlelwane nomxhumanisi wamakhemikhali noma uchwepheshe wepulazi ukukusiza ngokuqondile ukuphatha nokuphatha izinambuzane. Ngisho nabalimi bezentengiselwano abasungulwe kahle benza lokhu, njengoba beqaphela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwazi konke mayelana nokukhiqizwa. Izinguquko ezimweni zezulu nazo ziholela ekushintsheni kwezinambuzane nezifo zezinambuzane, okwenza lokhu kubonakale ezindaweni ezingazange zenzeke ngaphambili, futhi ngezikhathi ezazingakaze zenziwe.
Izinambuzane ezahlukene zihlasela izingxenye ezahlukene zesitshalo sikakolweni, ngenhla nangaphansi kwenhlabathi. Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngezolimo sikhombisa izinambuzane ezilandelayo njengokubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane zokuklawa:
Izinambuzane Ezihlasela Imbewu
I-beetle ebomvu omnyama, i-wireworm enkulu kanye ne-wireworm encane eqhubekayo kuyo yonke indawo yezimvula zasehlobo. Lezi zinambuzane zondla imbewu kanye neziqu zezitshalo zikakolweni ngaphansi komhlaba, okubangela ukuthi izitshalo zifune futhi zife. Ama-wireworms abangela umonakalo ngenkathi esesiteji sabo, lapho ummbila omnyama ubangela umonakalo uma besesigaba somdala.I-Larvae yeSifundazwe saseNtshonalanga isisindo se-worm kanye nesinkwa seSandveld sibangela imbewu nokulimala eNtshonalanga Kapa. Isifundazwe saseNtshonalanga sinezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezivame ukutholakala ngemva kwemvula enamandla.
Imithi yokwelashwa kanye nemikhuba yamasiko ekusekeleni ukuhluma kanye nokukhula kokhukhushula ukolweni ukusiza ukunciphisa ukulimala kwezitshalo kulezi zinambuzane. Okwamanje azikho amakhemikhali abhalisiwe ukulawula isifundazwe saseWestern grain okusanhlamvu noma Sandveld okusanhlamvu worm.
Izinambuzane Ezihlasela Amaqabunga
Ama-aphidi aseRussia akhona endaweni yaseMelika eNingizimu Afrika. Bahlasela kokubili amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo, okwenza amaqabunga aphenduke amhlophe, aphuzi noma aphuzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-cultivars anomelana kuyindlela engcono yokulawula. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukulawula amakhemikhali, abalimi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi basebenzisa umkhiqizo ohlose i-biotype ethize ebangela ukulimala epulazini labo.Abahlaseli Bezindlebe
I-bulgworm, i-aphid endlebeni ye-aphid ne-oat aphid ngokuyinhloko ihlasela izindlebe kakolweni. I-Bollworm ikakhulukazi inkinga eNtshonalanga Kapa nasezindaweni zokukolweni ngaphansi kokunisela. Izimpungushe zondla i-chlorophyll yamagqabi avela emabhuloki amhlophe nemifula. Izimpungushe zihambela endlebeni kakolweni njengoba isitshalo sikhula, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemithelela eqondile kanye nekhwalithi ephansi. Ukungenelela kwamakhemikhali kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho u-10% wezindlebe ezithwele izimpungushe ezilodwa noma ngaphezulu ngendlebe.Translated by Nsika Khoza