Kuhlolwa kwemhlabatsi kumele kwenteke njalo eminyakeni lembalwa, kucondzisa tincumo tekufakwa kwamanyolo kanye nemanutrients lacondzile kucondzanisa kanye nekushoda ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela emabele. Luhlelo lwamanyolo kutomele litsatfwe kwentela kufaka sikali semhlabatsi etincenyeni letehlukene kulelipulazi kanjalo nalendzawo lefanako, kuvundziswa kwemhlabatsi, timo tesimo selitulu, kukhokha lokugadziwe, indlela yekuphendvula kanjalo netitjalo letatihlanyelwe ngesikhatsi sesicheme sekucala sekuguculwa kwenhanyelo.
Balimi kumele bacondzise tidzingeko tekuvundzisa kanye nekubita kwaloku kwentela kuciniseka kutsi umkhicito usala unemali. Akwenti ingcondvo kucitsa imali leningi kumanyolo kunemali lengenako yendzawo letsite.
Indlela yekuvundzisa kutsi uciniseke kutsi letitjalo titfola emanutrients lenele kutsi avule litfuba lawo leligcwele lemkhicito. Kushoda kwemanutrients kungaba nemfutfo longaluli ekukhuleni phindze kwente tinkinga esitjalweni, lenakuguculwa kunika titjalo kutsi tilimateke kakhulu ekuhlaselweni tilwanyana nekuvela kwetifo.
iEsidi yeMhlabatsi
Emabele angaba ngumbono wekukhicitwa emhlabatsini ne pH lehambela emkhatsini wa 5.5 kuya ku 6.5 ngesikali se calcium chloride. Emanutrients latsite emhlabatsi angaba yintfolengekho ngesikhatsi le pH iwela ngaphansi kwa 4.5. iLime ingasetjentiswa ekukhuliseni lizinga le pH ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela, ngaletisindvo letidzingekako kushiyane ngelizinga le pH kanye neluhlobo lwemhlabatsi.
Lendlela ye lime kumele ikhetfwe kahle. Ngekuya kwe Agricultural Research Centre Small Grain Institute’s Guideline (Indzawo Yelicwalingo lweKulima Luhla lweLitiko lweTinhlavu Letincane). Production of Small Grain in the Summer Rainfall Area (Kukhicitwa kweTinhlavu Letincane eTindzaweni Temvula yaseHlobo), ilime yedolomitic kumele isetjentiswe umangabe letinombolo tingaphansi kwa 10:1 nalolokutfwelwe yi magnesium kuphakeme kuna 40 mg ngeli kg (ppm) phindze idolomitic lime ngesikhatsi le magnesium iphansi noma yehlile.
iLie kumele igadvwe tinyanga letintsatfu kuya kuletine ngaphambi kwekulima phindze ihlanganiswe nemhlabatsi nelikhuba bese kuhlanyelwa kuyangena, kufike ku 200 mm kuya ku 400 mm. balimi bangahlanyela tinhlobonhlobo nekuvuma kwe aluminium lekahle, kwehlisa sisindvo se acid emhlabatsini nakukhicitwa.
Lokutsatfu Lokukhulu
iNitrogen, iphosphorus ne potassium konkhe kunesisindvo lesikhulu emkhicitweni. Balimi kumele bachumane nabososayensi bemhlabatsi noma iGrain SA ngekufakwa lokukhetsiwe bese uyabasita banciphise letincomo ngekuya kwetintfo teluhlelo lwemikhicito yabo nendzawo. Phindze kuhle kukhuluma nalabanye balimi kulesigodzi ngelwati lwabo lwekufaka manyolo, kuhlalisa imiphumela kuleyo yalabanye.
Kungabi ngetulu kwa 20 kg wenitrogen lokumele afakwe ngesikhatsi sekuhlanyela, njengoba initrogen ingashisa tinhlavu phindze ibenesisindvo lesingalungi ngekukhulisa, ngekusho kwe Agricultural Research Centre Small Grain Institute’s Guideline (Indzawo Yelucwalingo lweteKulima Luhlelo lweLitiko lweTinhlavu Letincane) Production of Small Grain in the Summer Rainfall Area (Umkhicito weTinhlavu Letincane eTindzaeni teTimvuleni taseHlobo). Kufaka lokuphake kumele kwentiwe ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela noma initrogen kumele ibekeke isuke kuletitjalo ngesikhatsi sekulima umangabe lokungetulu kwa 20 kg ngelihekitha kutofakwa.
Balimi labaningi benta kufaka initrogen kabili kuya kulokutsatfu kwentela kuvikela kuvuta kanye nekuciniseka kutsi letitjalo tinemvumo yemanitrogen lenele ngesikhatsii lesilungile sekukhula. Kufakwa kumele kuncishiswe kuyephansi umangabe inhlanyelo, lefana nemantongomane, langeta initrogen kulomhlabatsi, yahlanyelwa ngesikhatsi lesengcile, kepha yanciphiseka yabheka etulu umangabe umkhicito wawukhokhwe ngesikhatsi saphambilini noma nakukhona lokuningi lokusele lokungakase kwawela phansi kulomhlabatsi ngesikhatsi sekuhlanyela, lokungachubela esikhatsini lesingasiso lesihle senitrogen.
Kufakwa kwe phosphate kumele kuhanjiswe ngemkhicito lohleliwe kuhekitha linye bese nalelinani lelikhona kulomhlabatsi. iPotassium ayikavammi kubanga kukhokha lokuphansi eNingizimu Afrika, kepha lokungekho kahle kungavela nge alkaline lephakeme kumhlabatsi wematje lamancane, ngaphansi kwekubandza, bumanti noma timo temhlabatsi lowomile nasemhlabatsini lonetigaba letiphakeme temagnesium noma icalcium.
Tinshwana Letincane
Kufakwa kwe tinshwana-letinccane, letifana ne copper, izinc, imanganese, iron, imolybdenum ne boron, angeke sekulungele umnotfo emkhicitweni wasendzaweni leyomile noma tindzawo letinelinani lekukhokha lelingaphansi, ngako balimi kufuna babale ngesineke lokukubita ngaphandle kwekufaka lawa manutrients. Kutotsi nakuvela timphawu temanutrients lashodako, kuvame kuba yintfo lesemuva kutsi kungajikiswa lomonakalo kepha kwekufutsa emacembe kungasita kuvikela lokungalahleka.
Translated by Phindile Malotana