Mavu a fanela u toliwa nga murahu ha minwaha mituku, uri akone u gudisa zwi tshi da kha u nyora na u kona u sedza pfushi ine ya khou shotha na musi u saathu thoma u tavha wheat. Zwa u kona u nyora zwi ya fanela u doweliwa uri zwi kone u fara ndila ya mavu nga u fhambana hayo na fhethu hune ha vha hu tshi khou tea u tavhiwa hone, u vha ha mavu avhudi, mutsho, zwine zwa vha zwi tshi khou todea uri tshimela tshi vhe tsho zwi anwa, na zwimela zwine zwo vha zwo tavhiwa murahuni.
Vhafuwi vha fanela u kona u langa u dura ha manyoro uri vha kone u vhona uri u tavha havho hu kha di vha sia na mbuyelo. Zwi vha zwi sa pfali zwavhudi u tshi nga fhedza tshelede u tshi khou renga manyoro ngeno tshimela tshi tshi khou fhedza tshi sina mbuyelo.
Zwa u kona u nyora zwi vha zwi tshi khou ita uri tshimela tshi kone uvha na pfushi ine ya vha uri i khou todea. Zwa usa vha na pfushi zwi ya kwama u hula ha tshimela na mitshelo ine ya do anwiwa. Zwine nga murahu zwa sia zwi tshi khou ita uri tshimela tshikone u dalelwa vhukuma nga malwadze na zwikhokhonono.
U Dala ha Acid kha Mavu
Wheat i fanela u tavhiwa kha mavu ane avha na pH ine ya vha vhukati ha 5.5 na 6.5 nga tshikalo tsha calcium chloride. Dzinwe pfushi dzi ya vha dzi siho musi pH i tshi wa ya vha fhasi ha 4,5. Lime iya shuma uri i gonyise pH hu saathu tavhiwa.
Tshiko tsha lime tshi fanela u nangiwa nga ndila yone. Uya nga vha Agricultural Research Centre Small Grain Institute’s Guideline. Production of Small Grain in the Summer Rainfall Area, dolomitic lime i fanela u shumiswa musi ratio ine ya vha vhukati ha calcium na magnesium i nntha u fhira 10:1 magnesium i nntha ha 40mg/kg (ppm) dolomitic lime i vha i tshi khou toda magnesium i fhasi.
Lime i fanela u shelwa minwedzi miraru kana mina u saathu tavha i fanea u tanganiswa na mavu zwavhudi nga dzembe wa kona u lima zwavhudi kha mavu, hune i fanela u vha yo tsa 200mm uya kha 400mm. Vhalimi vha nga tavha dzi tshaka dzine dza vha uri dzo fhambana nga u kona u vha na u kondelela alumimium uri ikone u hulisa acid ine ya vha kha mavu musi hu tshi khou bveledziwa.
Zwiraru Zwihulwane
Nitrogen, phosphorous na potassium dzothe dzina mushumo muhulwane musi hu tshi khou bveledziwa. Vhalimi vha fanela u kwama vho rasaitsi vha mavu Grain SA uri vha kone u tsivhudza kha zwine zwa nga vha zwi tshi khou todea kha mavu na hune ha vha uri u khou tavhelwa hone.
Zwi dovha hafhu zwa vha zwithu zwavhudi uri u ambe na vhanwe vha limi nga ha tshenzhemo yavho ya manyoro, vha tshi khou tanganyisa dzi mvelelo na hedzo dza vhanwe. Ahu faneli uvha na zwine wa fhira 20 kg zwa nitrogen zwine zwa fanela u sheliwa kha tshimela, ngauri nitrogen i ya fhisa mbeu ya sia i tshi khou vha na masiandaitwa kha u mela ha midzi, uya nga vha Agricultural Research Centre Small Grain Institute’s Guideline.
Production of Small Grain in the Summer Rainfall Area. U fanela u shela zwine zwa vha zwinzhi u saathuu tavhiwa tshimela kana ya vhewa kule na mbeu nga tshifhinga tsha u tavha arali hu tshi khou sheliwa ziwne wa fhira 20 kg/ha.
Vhunzhi ha vhafuwi vha ya kona u shela zwivhili kana zwiraru vha tshi khou shavhisa leaching na u kona u vhona uri tshimela tshiya kona u wana pfushi dzine dza vha uri dzo tea kha uri tshi kone u mela. Hu fanela u sheliwa fhasi kha tshimela, u fana na kha dzi legume zwine zwa vha zwi tshi khou shela pfushi kha mavu, dzine dza vha dzo tavhiwa kha khalanwaha yo fhelaho kana arali ho vha na zwithu zwine zwo vha zwi sathu fhela zwo fhiraho zwine zwi nga khakhisa pfushi dza zwithu zwazwino zwo tavhiwaho.
Usheliwa ha Phosphate zwi fanela u vha zwi tshi khou langiwa nga vha u bveledza uya nga hectare na tshikalo tsha phosphate ine ya vha mavuni. Potassium iya vhanga usa vha na pfushi Afrika Tshipembe, fhedzi kanzhi zwi ya vhanga kha mavu ane avha o dala nga mutavha, hu tshi khou rotholesa, u thaba kana u oma na kha mavu ane avha uri o dala nga magnesium kana calcium.
Micro Elements
Ushelwa ha zwithu zwine zwa nga copper, zinc, manganese, iron, molybdenum na boron, zwi nga vha zwi songo tengiwa musi hu tshi khou sedziwa mbuyelo, zwine zwa amba uri vhafuwi vha fanela u thoma vha vhalela vha saathu shela pfushi. Zwinwe zwine zwa tavhanya u vhonala nga usa vhonala ha pfushi zwi vha wo no lenga kha u nga humisa tshinyalelo ine ya vha uri yo no itwa, zwa u fafadzea kha matari zwi ya engedza tshinyalelo.Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe