Emalitchisi laphindze abitwe ngema lychees (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) titselo letivela endzaweni leshisashisako yetitselo lekuyimvelaphi yase China. Letitselo tihluma tihlangene etihlahleni letinkhulu letihlala tiluhlata letingatsatsa iminyaka lesiphohlongo kutsi tifike esigabeni lesigcwele sekukhicita. Tihlahla tema litchi tidzinga kufutfumala lokuningi kanye nemhlabatsi lodvonseke kahle.
Litiko Lelihlanyela emaLitchi lase Ningizimu Afrika (The South African Litchi Growers’ Association – SALGA) lisekela phindze linakekele umkhicito wemalitchi kantsi nekumakethwa eNingizimu Afrika phindze lingasita ngekwecwayisa kumalungiselelo ekunakekelwa kwemalitchi.
Sikhatsi sema Litchisi
Sikhatsi lesikahle wemalitchisi tindzawo letinesikhatsi lesidze selihlobo lelishisako lelinetimvula letiphakeme kanye nekufutfumala njengoba lenhlanyelo yalesitselo sinekudzinga emanti. Emalitchisi adzinga busika lobufisha, lobomile nalobupholile (ngaphansi kwa 15-20°C) futsi angeke amelane nesitfwatfwa. Kukhokha lokuhle kakhulu kwemalitchi kutfolwa etindzaweni letinesimo sasehlobo emkhatsini wa 25-30°C kanye nebumantana nekufutfumala lokungetulu kwa 60%.
Kuhlanyela emaLitchisi
Inhlanyelo lengiyo yemalitchis lehlanyelwa eNingizimu Afrika ngema Mauritius (90% wemkhicito wentsengo kanye netikatsi-letisemkhatsini tekulima) kanye ne McLean’s Red (lokungaphansi kwa 7% kwemkhicito wentsengo kanye nesikhatsi lesiphutile senhlanyelo). Tinhlanyelo letimbalwa letilinywa kulelitiko ngema Fay Zee Siu, iWau Chee (yamuva) kanye ne Early Delight (lesekucaleni).
Tihlahla letincane kumele titsengwe kusuka etindzaweni letitsengisa tihlahla phindze tihlanyelwe ekucaleni kwesikhatsi setimvula. Liningi letihlahla temalitchi tiphuma ngekwakhekha kwekuhhusha kwemoya. Tifundvo tase Ningizimu Afrika tikhomba kutsi titjalo tetihlahla temalitchi atikhokhanga kancono kunetihlahla letahlanyeleka ngemoya.
Kuhlolisisa kahle kwemhlabatsi ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela emalitchisi kungakhombisa nomangumaphi emanutrient langekho kahle noma kuvumela. Loku kungancishiswa ngesikhatsi sekulungiselela umhlabatsi bese kutsi muva ngesikhatsi sekuhlanyela ngekuya kweluhlolo lwemacembe.
Emalitchisi ahluma kahla emhlabatsini lonematje lamancane lomantana etindzaweni letipholile kepha akhokha ngalokulingene etindzaweni letifutfumele emhlabatsini lonelibumba. Awakhuli kahle emhlabatsini lodvonseke kabi noma emhlabatsini lonetigaba. Kunisela kumele kutsatseleke ngekuya kwenhlobo yemhlabatsi. Njengekutsi, lokufisha, kunisela njalonjalo kumele kusetjentiswe kumhlabatsi lonematje lamancane.
Kuhlanyela ngebubanti kungashiyana ngetindlela letifana nenhlobo yemhlabatsi kanye nendzawo yekuhlanyelela, kepha kuhambela kusuka ku 12 x 12 m (tihlahla letimashumi lasitfupha nesihlanu kuhekitha linye) kuya ku 10 x 5 m (tihlahla letimakhulu lamabili kuhekitha linye) ngetindlela letinkhulu. Ngetindlela letifanako – letifaka umsebenti lomningi wekuhlanyela ngebubanti lokungaba ngu 8 x 4 m (tihlahla letimakhulu lamatsatfu nelishumi nakubili ngelihekitha) noma lokungaba ngu 6 x 4 m etigodzini letipholile.
Tihlahla tema litchi tiphuma timbali kufika kumalanga lamashumi lamabili nakunye ngesikhatsi selintfwasahlobo eNingizimu Afrika. Letimbali tivama kuvundziswa tinyosi njengoba kuvundziswa tinyosi kutfutfukisa kwakheka kwesitselo. Khansela Welucwalingo lweTekulima (Agricultural Research Council – ARC) inconota mabili kuya kulamane emabhokisi etinyosi kuhekitha linye kutsi abekwe ngekhatsi kwengadze yetitselo, khashane nalapho kuhamba khona bantfu.
Titselo temalitchi titsatsa emkhatsini wemalanga lamashumi lasiphohlongo nakune kanye nelikhulu nelishumi nakubili kutsi akhule, kushiyane ngenhlanyelo kanye nendzawo yekukhicitela. Lesitselo lesilingene semalitchi sisemkhatsini wemagremu lalishumi nesitfupha kanye nemashumi lamatsatfu nesihlanu.
Kwakheka kwesitselo (kuhleleka) kungatfutfukiswa ngekutsi kukhushulwe kuvundzisa, ngekuniketa emamicronutrients lafana ne zinc kanye ne boron, girdling, lokugadza tilwanyana kanye nekunisela kahle.
Emagciwane ema Litchisi
Livivane lemalitchisi, lokundizako kwesitselo sase Natali kanye nemavivane langasiwo nguwona latilwanyana letitimisele tema litchisi. Lelivivane lemalitchisi anemjikelo wemphilo lofanako kulowo welintongomane le macadamia. Letinye titjalo temavivane emavivane ngema macadamia, iBauhinia, iCaesalpinia (tihlahla tetimbali te plume) kanye nemacembu ema Acacia. Letinye tilwanyana letihlukumeta lomkhicito wemalitchisi tifaka lokubhobhosa ligcolo kanye ne nematodes.
Tingobiyane te vervet, emalulwane, tinyoni, ikakhulu tinyonitemagundvwane kanye ne bulbus nako kwenta kulahleka kwenhlanyelo kanye nekulimala kwesitselo.
Kulimala kancane kwekuvuna-kwekucala kubangwa kutseleleka kungenta konakala kwesitselo phindze kunciphise imphilo yaseshelufini kepha kungakaleka ngekutsi kufutfwe nge sulphur dioxide ngemuva kwekuvuna.
Translated by Phindile Malotana