AmaLitchi abizwa nangokuthi lychees (i-Litchi chinensis Sonn.) izithelo ezivamise ukukhiqizwa kweChina. Izithelo zikhula ngamaqoqo ezihlahleni ezinkulu ezihlala ziluhlaza ezingathatha iminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ukuba zikhiqize ngokuphelele. Izihlahla zeLitchi zidinga umswakama omningi nomhlabathi omanzi.
I-South African Litchi Growers 'Association (SALGA) isekela futhi iphatha ukukhiqizwa nokukhangiswa kwe-litchi eNingizimu Afrika futhi ingasiza ngezeluleko ngezindlela zokuphatha i-litchi.
Isimo Sezulu Sama-Litchis
Isimo sezulu esihle se-litchis yizindawo ezinesikhathi sehlobo esishisayo eside nemvula eningi kanye nomswakama njengoba lesi sitshalo sezithelo sinemfuno enkulu yamanzi. Ama-Litchis adinga ubusika obufushane, obomile nobupholile (ngaphansi kuka-15-20ºC) futhi ayikwazi ukubekezelela isithwathwa. Izithelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-litchi zitholakala ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa ehlobo phakathi kuka-25-30 ° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ngaphezu kwama-60%.
Ukukhulisa amaLitchi
Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-litchi ezitshalwe lapha eNingizimu Afrika yiMauritius (90% yemikhiqizo yezentengiselwano kanye nomlimi waphakathi nesizini) neMcLean's Red (ngaphansi kuka-7% womkhiqizo wezentengiselwano kanye nokhuphuzo osekuphele isikhathi sonyaka). Izinhlobo ezincane ezitshalwe embonini yiFay Zee Siu, Wai Chee (wakamuva) kanye no Early Delight (wokuqala).
Izihlahla ezisencane kufanele zithengwe ezinkulisa ezidumile futhi zigcinwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula. Izihlahla eziningi ze-litchi zisatshalaliswa ngokwenziwa komoya. Ucwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lukhombisa ukuthi izitshalo zesihlahla ezixhunyiwe
Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokutshala i-litchis kuzobonisa noma yikuphi ukusweleka kwezakhi noma okweqile. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi futhi kamuva ngesikhathi sokukhula ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwamaqabunga.
I-Litchis ikhula kahle enhlabathini enesihlabathi ezindaweni ezipholile kodwa ikhiqiza ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinhlabathini ezinobumba. Akakhuli kahle enhlabathini noma emhlabathini omile ongafinyeleleki kahle. Ukunisela kufanele kuguqulwe ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Isibonelo, ukufushane, ukuchelela okujwayelekile kufanele kusetshenziselwe inhlabathi enesihlabathi.
Ububanzi bokutshala obufanele buzoncika ezicini ezifana nohlobo lomhlabathi ne-growar, kepha kusuka ku-12 x 12 m (izihlahla ezingama-65/ha) kuya ku-10 x 5 m (izihlahla ezingama-200/ha) ezinhlelweni ezibanzi. Ezinhlelweni eziqinile zesitshalo zingaba ngu-8 x 4 m (izihlahla ezingama-312/ha) noma kuze kufike ku-6 x 4 m ezifundeni ezipholile.
Izihlahla zeLitchi ziqhakaza izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-21 ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Izimbali zihanjiswa ngempoqo izinyosi njengoba impova yezinyosi ikhuthaza ukusethwa kwezithelo. UMkhandlu Wezocwaningo Kwezolimo (i-ARC) utusa ukuba kufakwe izinyosi ezimbili kuya kwezine ngaphakathi kwegadi lezithelo, kude nokugcwala kwabantu.
Izithelo zeLitchi zithatha phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-84 kuye kwezingu-112 ukuthuthuka, kuya ngendawo yokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza. Isisindo sezithelo ezi-litchi esiphakathi kuka-16 no-35 g.
Isethi yezithelo (ukugcinwa) ingathuthukiswa ngokukhuthaza impova, inikeze ngemicronutrients efana ne-zinc ne-boron, ukuqina kwethambo, ukulawula izinambuzane nokwenza kahle ukunisela.
Izinambuzane Nezifo
I-litchi moth, i-Natal izithelo ukundiza kanye nenundu wamanga we-codling yizona zinambuzane ezibucayi kakhulu ze-litchi. Inundu le-litchi linomjikelezo ofanayo wokuphila kumthamo we-macadamia nut borer. Ezinye izitshalo ezilandayo zale moth moth yi-macadamia, iBauhinia, i-Cesalpinia (izihlahla zezimbali) kanye nezinhlobo ze-Acacia.
Ezinye izinambuzane ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-litchi zifaka i-bark borer kanye ne-nematode.
Izinkawu zeVervet, amalulwane, izinyoni, ikakhulukazi izimbungulu kanye ne-bulbuls nazo zidala ukulahleka kwezilimo kanye nomonakalo wezithelo.
Ukubola kwangemva kokuvunwa okubangelwa isikhunta kungadala ukuqothuka kwezithelo nokuphila okufushane kweshelufu kodwa kungakhawulelwa yi-sulfur dioxide fumigation ngemuva kokuvuna.
Translated by Nsika Khoza