Incenye yelilunga lelisemkhatsini wemakhulu lasikhombisa nemashumi lasihlanu nemakhulu lasiphohlongo emacembu labhaliwe, lo ‘kudliwa kwemakhiwa’, iFicus carica, iphucukile. Lokusele kwemalunga kuvama kuba ‘ngulokuntofotelako’ kwetihlahla tetitselo letidliwako. Umkhiciti lomkhulu wemhlabawonkhe wemakhiwa lomisiwe lamasha yiTurkey, kepha iNingizimu Afrika iphindze ikhokhe emakhiwa lasemasha kwentela kuwahambisa, langaba ngu 0.12% wemkhicito wemhlaba wonkhe jikelele.
Kuvelela kweMakhiwa
Kushiyana ngetinhlobonhlobo temakhiwa, emakhiwa angahleliswa ngetinongo letintsatfu – emagungumence, luju, nashukela (melula). Libala lemakhiwa lamasha linalokuningi ngekwenta ngetinongo temakhiwa kunelibala lesikhumba sawo.
‘Shukela’ emakhiwa avama kuba nelibala lenyama lelisabovu noma nsundvu abe ‘emagungumence’ emakhiwa anelibala lelibovu kuya kulukhwebeletana. ‘Luju’ emakhiwa avama kuba nesikhumba lesimtfubi senyama.
Kusetjentiswa kwe Makhiwa
Emakhiwa adliwa kakhulu asemasha – nesikhumba noma ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Emakhiwa lasetjentiswa ekuphekeni, afakwa kusaladi kanye nakutidlo tekugcina, ahlanganiswa neyoghurt kwentela sidlo sasekuseni noma na cheese kwentela kudla lokufakwe icheese. Avame kufakwa ibrandy, irum kanye netjwala noma ibalsamic vinegar kanye neluju, kepha emakhiwa elizinga-leliphansi angasetjentiswa ekuhlanganiseni tjwala.
iBreba noma emakhiwa esikhatsini sasekucaleni avame kusetjentiswa kakhulu ekunongeni – kwentela kulungiselela jamu ‘loluhlata’ lojwayelekile. Emakhiwa angahlanganiswa ngemphumelelo nemagananandela, lokusetjentiswa ku chutney kanye nekugcobiseni esaladi phindze kunongwe ibrandy.
Emakhiwa angomiswa kepha emakhiwa lomiswa kakhulu latfolakala eNingizimu Afrika achamuka eTurkey.
Emakhiwa aphindze akhicitwe abemabhola etitselo letomisiwe.
Kuphindze ktsiwe emakhiwa lomisiwe angatfoswa aphindze aphekwe nengemphuphu yelikhofi futsi ngaloko oyili lodliwako angakhokhwa kutinhlavu temakhiwa.
Emacembe emakhiwa emakha asetjentiswa ekuphekeni, kakhulu njengentfo yekubhaka noma tinongo tekuphela ngesimoko. Kutsatsa sinongo sentfuntfu yetitselo kanye neliphunga le coconut. Sitaputapu selicembe lelikhiwa sisetjentiselwa kunonga inyama, ekuhlanganisweni kwetinatfo kanye nakumajellies.
Tilokotfo Temakhiwa
Emakhiwa atfwala intsambo yekudla, vitamin B, imagnesium, ipotassium, icalcium, imanganese kanye ne antioxidants, ikakhulu letinhlobonhlobo letilukhwebeletana.
Emacembe emakhiwa kanye nalolokulubisi lokumhlophe ‘lejusi yemakhiwa’ ilungiselelwa kuba netindlela temitsi kufana nekwehlisa sifo sashukela kanye nekwenyuka kwashukela futsi angabanetindlela tekungabi nesifo samdlavuza. Emacembe emakhiwa angaphindze asetjentiswe ekwakheni litiya kwentela kwelapha sifo sesifuba.
Luhlolo lwetesayensi nalo selikhombise emakhiwa njengentfo lesebenta ekwelapheni timo letehlukahlukene tesikhumba kufaka tinsumbe. Kudla inyama yemakhiwa kutsenjwa kutsi kunendlela yekusebenta njengemaphilisi.
Sicela nati kutsi: Lwati lwekufundzisa bese lwati lwenjongo kuphela futsi angeke selutsatfwe njengesecwayiso sekwelapha. Lolwati alusilo lolumelela secwayiso noma kwelapha lokunikwa bongcongcosho betemphilo.
Translated by Phindile Malotana