Ingxenye yentlobo ezishicilelweyo phakathi ko 750 no 800, ‘amakhiwane atyiwayo’, Ficus carica, luhlobo olulodwa. Ezinye ke iintlobo zona zikhula kwindawo ezishushu ‘rabha’ yemithi ezineziqhamo ezingatyekiyo. Eyona mveliso enkulu yamakhiwane asematsha kunye nalawo omisiweyo yi Turkey, kodwa uMzantsi Afrika nawo uyawavelisa amakhiwane asematsha alungele intengiso yamazwe angaphandle, malunga no 0.12% wemveliso yelizwe.
Incasa ya Makhiwane
Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwekhiwane, amakhiwane acalulwa ngokwentlobo ezintathu ngencasa – berry, honey, kunye ne sugar (engangxengwanga). Umbala wesikhumba sekhiwane unokwenza kakhulu nencasa yekhiwane ngaphezulu kombala walo ngaphandle.
‘Iswekile’ oluhlobo lwamakhiwane lithanda ukuba nombala obuku orenji, namdaka ngokwesikhumba logama amakhiwane I’berry’ anempuphu ebomvu na mfusa. ‘Ubusi’ oluhlobo lwamakhiwane anesikhumba esikhanyayo nomphakathi otyheli
Imisebenzi ya Makhiwane
Amakhiwane atyiwa ematsha ixesha elininzi – ayatyiwa exotyuliwe, kwaye nokuba awaxotyulwanga. Amakhiwane xa esetyenziswa ekuphekeni, ongezwa kwi saladi nakwi dizethi, adityaniswa ne yoghurt njengesidlo sakusasa okanye ne cheese okanye izidlo ze cheese. Ixesha elininzi adityaniswa ne branti, rum, notywala obuswiti okanye balsamic vinegar nobusi, kodwa amakhiwane akudidi olusezantsi angasetyenziswa ukudidiyela utywala.
I-Breba okanye amakhiwane akhiwa kwaphambi kwexesha lokuvuna asetyenziswa ukugcina – ukwenza ijam edumileyo embala ‘uhlaza yamakhiwane’. Amakhiwane angadityaniswa kakuhle ne granadilla, asetyenziswe kwi chutney ne salad dressing zigcinwe kwi branti.
Amakhiwane angomiswa kodwa inkoliso yamakhiwane omisiweyo ayafumaneka eMzantsi Afrika kwaye athengiselwa iTurkey. Amakhiwane ayasetyenziswa ukwenza iziqhamo ezomisiweyo.
Kuthiwa ke amakhwane omisiweyo angaqhotswa adidiyelwe endaweni yekofu, kwaye kungaphuma ne oli etyiwayo kwintanga zamakhiwane.
Amagqabi omthi omkhiwane anevumba elimnandi asetyenziswa ekuphekeni, ixesha elininzi ukogquma okanye ukufuthisa okunye opheka ngako. Anikeza incasa yeziqhamo emnandi nevumba le coconut. Incindi yamagqabi womkhiwane isetyenziswa ukuthambisa inyama, kwimixube eselwayo nakwi jeli.
Uncedo lwa Makhiwane
Amakhiwane ane fibre elungele umzimba, vitamin B, magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese, kunye ne antioxidants, ingakumbi iintlobo ezimfusa.
Amagqabi omkhiwane kunye ne ‘ncindii emhlophe’ aziwa ngokuba anikeza uncedo lwempiliso elifana nokwehlisa amazinga wesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kwanye ayakwazi ukulwa nesifo somdlavuza. Amagqabi omkhiwane angasetyenziswa ukwenza iti ukunyanga isifo sokhohlokhohlo (bronchitis).
Izifundo se sayensi zibonakalise amakhiwane aluncedo ekunyangeni iintlobo zengxaki zesikhumba kuquka iintwala. Ukutya amakhiwane esematsha kukholelwa okokuba ayasihambisisa isisu.
Uyacelwa uqhaphele: ezinkcukacha zenzelwe ukufundisa nokunikeza iinkcukacha kuphela kwaye akufunekanga okokuba luthabathwe njenge ngcebiso yeze Mpilo. Olu lwazi alwenzelwanga ukuthabatha indawo yengcebiso yezempilo okanye unyango olunikezwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo abasemthethweni.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie