Umengo sitjalo esingathela khulu ngonyaka munye othize, kuthi ngonyaka olandelako singatheli kangako, siphungule iinthelo zazo ngamaphasendi ayi-25%. Imithi yayo ithatha iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine ukuthoma ukuthela okuya ngokobana utjalwe esifundeni siphi, ungathatha iminyaka ebunane ukuthela. Lokhu kuliqiniso khulukhulu endaweni ye-Hoedspruit esifundeni sangeLimpopo, lokha indawo ye-Clanwillian ingathatha iminyaka eyi-12 ukukhula ibe yidala ithome ukuthela.
Itlayimedi Elungele uMengo
Imithi yemengo irhona ukujamelana nemihlobohlobo yetlayimedi – ukusukela kwetjhisako kanye nenobuswe ukuya endaweni eyomileko. Njeke ingatjalwa enarheni enabileko eSewula Africa. Ubujamo bomtjhiso balapha umengo ungatjalwa ngokuphumelela ngebungaphasi kwe-5°C ukuya ku-45°C, kodwana amazinga amahle womtjhiso kutlhogeka kobana abehlangana kwe-27°C ukuya ku-36°C.
Imengo irhona ukujamelana nobuswe kanye nobujamo obomileko kodwana ubuswe kufanele bubengaphasi kwe-55% ukusukela ngoSewula kuze kufike iskhathi lapha iinthelo zivunwa khona eenyangeni zakaNobayeni ukufikela kweyakaMhlolanja.
Imengo ibamihle eendaweni ezomileko ngesiruthwana ukufika ekuthomeni kwehlobo lokha amathuhtumba athoma ukumila begodu ayazwela lokha nakathola amalwelwe wenkowani abakhona lokha nawutjalwe ebujameni obunobuswe.
Khetha iindawo ezivikelwe emoyeni nanyana utjale ama-windbreak eduze kwesimu yomengo. Umoya ubanga bona imengo ingwareke begodu uwisa umengo. Ukubhoboka kweskhumba ngebanga lokoniwa mumoya kungarholela ekutheni ubanjwe zinkowani kanye namabhakutheriya. Khandela kobana woniwe mumoya ngokobana utjale ama-windbreak nokobana utjale imithi itjhinge nganca ngapha kuvela khona umoya.
Ukutjala uMengo
Khetha iintjalo eziqinileko ezibuya ema-nursery ethembekileko. Hlola amakari kanye namathuthumba, internodes kanye nehlanganisela yehlabathi kanye nemirabhu yemithi kobana injani.
Ukuhlolwa kwehlabathi okwaneleko ngaphambi kokobana kutjalwe kiyo kuzokutjengisa kobana kutlhogeka ziphi izakhimzimba, nokobana ngiziphi ezinengi. Lokhu kungalungiswa lokha nakulungiswa ihlabathi ngaphambi kokobana kutjalwe kiyo, nalokha ngesikhathi sokutjala ngokuya ngokuhlolwa kwe-foliar.
Imengo kufanele ithome ukutjalwa ekugcineni kobusika kanye nangeskhathi sokuna kwezulu-ngoRhoboyi ukuya kuKhukhulamungu zinkhathi ezihle zokuwutjala. Ibanga lokobana uwutjala njani, liya ngokobana umuthi wawo ukhula kanganganai begodu ungasukela ku-12 x 12 m ngokuhlukana ukuya ku-2.5 x 2.5 m in ngobude emasimini womengo.
Ngemva kokuwutjala, imengo imila imirabhu eqinileko engatjhingela nge-6 m.
Imithi yemengo ingakhula ikhiqize emihlobohlobeni yehlabathi kodwana iba mihle khulu ehlabathini enedaka eliyi-15 ukuya ku-25%. Ihlabathi ezala amanzi ingawakhiphi akungatjalwa kiyo. I-pH eyi-6 - 7.2 ngiyo ekulungelwe kobana kungatjalwa kiyo.
Iindlela Zokutlhogonyelwa Kwemengo
Okuya ngokobana ulinywe njani, umhlobo womengo kanye nendlela yokutlhogonyelwa kwawo, iindlela zokuwutlhogomela zifaka hlangana ukuwuvundisa ukuwuthelelela, ukuwupruna, ukuvikela iintjalo nokhunye okunengi. Nekuzindlela ezimbala ezitjhejiweko. Iinyeleliso ngokuzeleko zingatholwa ngokujoyina iinqhema ezifundisako nakubayelelesi bezelimo.
Imithi yomengo ithuthumba ngemva kwamalanga ayi-28. Nanyana imithi yomengo izipholineyitha nje, i-cross pollination iyenzeka kiwo ngomoya nangenunwana, ihlangano ye-Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Agricultural Research Council (ARC) iphakamisa kobana ukupholineyitha ngenyosi kwemithi yemengo endlekeni zenyosi eziyi-3 ukuya kweziyi-15 ehekuthareni.
Imithi yomengo iprunwa ngemva kokuvunwa kanye namagatsawo amancani, abamba imengo ayasikwa. Ukupruna kuvula imithi ukwenzela bona ilanga lirhone ukungena kuhle phakathi komuthi, begodu kususa iingodo ezidala ukugcugcuzela kobana kumile ezitja.
Ukuwuvundisa, kuya ngokobana mhlobo bani wehlabathi kanye nemiphumela eyenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwamakari, evamise ukwenziwa ngemva kokuwuvuna.
Ukuvikela umengo kobana ungabanjwa malwelwe afana nobulwelwe be-anthracose kanye nempukani zenthelo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iprogramu yokutlhogomela iinthelo. Amakhemikhali asetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza mengo kufanele atloliswe, begodu kuqakathekile ukobana imithetho ehlobana nokupreyiwa kwensalela zentjalo ilandelwe.
Nanyana imithi yomengo ingasabi isomiso, ukuwuthelelela kwenza ncono isivuno sawo kanye nobukhulu besithelo. Umhlobo osetjenziswa nawuthelelelwako kanye neprogramu yokuwuthelelela uya ngamafekta afana nomhlobo wehlabathi etjalwe kiyo, iindlela zokuwutlhogomela kanye netlayimedi, begodu kuhle nakukhulunyiswane nabosiyai bokuthelelela. ESewula Africa kusetjenziswa umhlobo wokuthelelela we-drip kanye ne-micro irrigation.
Iintjhabalalisi kanye Namalwelwe Womengo
Ubulwelwe be-Anthracnose buvamise kobana butholakale ngemva kokuwuvuna, kanye namalwelwe wenkowani abamba iintjalo zomengo, abonakala ngokobana umengo ube namatjhatjhazi anzotho ngombala emakarini. Umengo awubi nawo amalwelwe la eendaweni ezifuthumeleko lapha ukhula khona msinya nalapha ungalengi khona emithini ngesikhathi sokuna kwezulu.
Amatjhatjhazi anzima ngamanye amalwelwe abangwa kukuna kwezulu, begodu angalatjhwa ngempreyi ezinekhopha. Avela ngokobana abonakale inga silonda esizele amanzi esthelweni. I-powdery mildew malwelwe wenkowani abonakala njengamapetjhi wepuyera amhlophe emakarini, emathuthumbeni kanye nesthelweni.
Hlangana kwetjhabalalisi zomengo kubalwa iimoukani, i-mango weevil kanye ne-tip wilter, ekusitjhabalalisi esitholakala emithini esese yincani.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana