Imango yisinye isilimo esithengisayo, esingaletha isivuno esikhulu ngonyaka owodwa, sinciphise isivuno saso cishe ngama-25% ngonyaka olandelayo. Izihlahla zithatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ukuqala ukuthela izithelo futhi ngokuya ngesifunda kungathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseHoedspruit esifundazweni saseLimpopo, kanti eClanwilliam kungathatha iminyaka eyi-12 ukukhuleka ekubeni umdala futhi nomthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza.
Isimo Sezulu Esifanele Imango
Izihlahla zemango zingabekezelela izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene - kusuka ezishisayo nezinomswakama kuya ezimweni ezipholile nezomile. Ngakho-ke, ingatshalwa ngaphezu kwendawo ebanzi eSouth Africa. Ukushisa okungamamango kungakhula ngempumelelo ngaphansi kobubanzi kusuka ku-5°C kuya ku-45°C, kodwa izinga lokushisa losuku elifanele kufanele libe phakathi kuka-27°C kuya ku-36°C.
Imango lingakwazi ukubekezelela umswakama kanye nomoya owomile kodwa umswakama kufanele ube ngaphansi kwama-55% ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube yilapho izithelo zivunwa ezinyangeni kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuMashi.
Imango lenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile ngenkathi entwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo njengoba izimbali nezithelo ezikhulayo zizwela kakhulu ezifweni fungal ezikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezimanzi.
Khetha izindawo ezivikelwe ngumoya noma iziqeshana zomoya eziseduze nezihlahla zemango. Umoya ubangela ukushayisana nokukhishwa amamaki futhi kungadala ukwehla kwezithelo. Ukugcotshwa kwesikhumba ngenxa yokulimala komoya kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwamagciwane namagciwane. Vikela ukulimala komoya ngokutshala iziqeshana zomoya kanye nezihlahla eziqondayo ngokuqondile kusiqondisi somoya.
Ukutshala Imango
Khetha izitshalo eziqinile kusuka ezinkulisa ezithandekayo. Hlola amaqabunga nezimbali, ama-internode, izinyunyana zokuxhunyelelwa kanye nengxube yenhlabathi nohlelo lwezimpande zesihlahla.
Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokutshala kuzobonisa ukuthi iziphi izakhamzimba ezinganele noma ziningi ngokweqile. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala futhi futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula ngokuya kokuhlaziywa kwefoliar.
Imango kufanele litshalwe ekugcineni kwenkathi ebandayo nemvula - Agasti kuya kuSepthemba zihamba phambili. Ukutshala ibanga kuncike ekukhuleni kwama-cultivar futhi kungaqala kusuka ku-12 x 12 m ngokuhlukaniswa kuya ku-2,5 x 2.5 m ezigangeni eziphezulu zemithi yemango.
Ngemuva kokutshala, imango ihlakulela i-taproot eqinile engaba ngaphezu kuka-6 m ukujula.
Izihlahla zemango zikhula futhi zikhiqize kahle ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi kepha isihlabathi esikhulu noma i-loam (enobumba oluyi-15 kuya ku-25%) ilungile. Inhlabathi enezendlalelo ezihlanganisiwe kufanele igwenywe kanye nenhlabathi engaholela ezimweni ezigcwele amanzi. I-pH ka-6 - 7.2 ilungile.
Izenzo Zokuphatha IMango
Ngokuya ngobukhulu bezokulima, isitayela sokulima kanye nokuphatha, imisebenzi yokuphatha ifaka izenzo ezinjengokufaka umanyolo, ukuchelela, ukugawula, ukuvikela izitshalo nokunye. Izici ezimbalwa ziphawulwe ngezansi. Izeluleko ezinemininingwane eminingi zitholakala ngokujoyina amaqembu ocwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nakubeluleki bezolimo.
Izihlahla zemango zinezimbali ezingama-28. Yize izihlahla zemango ziziququda ngokwazo futhi zidluliswa ngempova umoya noma izinambuzane, uMkhandlu Wezolimo Wokulima (i-ARC) zincoma ukungcoliswa kwenyosi kwezihlahla zemango kumakhuba amathathu kuya kwayi-15.
Izihlahla zemango ziyathululwa emva kokuvunwa futhi wonke ama-panicles (amafushane 'amagatsha' abambe imango) ayanqunywa. Ukuthena ukuze 'uvule' izihlahla ukuze ungene kahle wokukhanya kwelanga ungene phakathi kwesihlahla futhi ususe izinkuni ezindala ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusha.
Umanyolo, ngokuya ngomhlabathi namaqabunga ahlaziya, imvamisa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Ukuvikela imango ezifweni ezifana ne-anthracnose nezimpukane zezithelo kwenziwa kangcono ngohlelo lokuhlanganisa izinambuzane. Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekhiqizeni umango kufanele abhaliswe futhi kubalulekile ukunamathela kuzinkambiso ezihlobene nezinsalela zokufafaza izitshalo kanye nemikhawulo yemakethe.
Yize izihlahla zemango zibekezelela isomiso, ukuchelela kuthuthukisa isivuno sezithelo nosayizi wezithelo. Uhlobo lohlelo lokunisela nokunisela lincike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lomhlabathi, isitayela sokuphatha kanye nesimo sezulu, futhi kuxoxiswana kangcono nesazi sokunisela. Kokubili ukunisela ngenkasa kanye nokudonsa kusetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika.
Izinambuzane Nezifo Ezikhathaza iMango
I-Anthracnose yisifo se fungal esivamile sangemva kokuvunwa esithinta zonke izinhlobo zemango futhi singabonakala njengezindawo ezinsundu emnyama emaqabunga. Imango ngeke luthinteke kancane ezindaweni ezifudumele lapho luvuthwa khona ekuqaleni nalapho lungangeni khona ezihlahleni kuyo yonke inkathi yemvula.
Indawo emnyama ebacteria ngesinye isifo esihlobene nemvula futhi singalashwa ngamafafaza asuselwa kubhedu. Kubonakala njengezilonda ezigcwele amanzi esithelweni. I-Powdery mildew yisifo se-fungal esibonakala njengamaqabunga amhlophe we-powdery amahlumela amasha, amaqabunga, izimbali noma izithelo.
Izinambuzane zemango zibandakanya izimpukane zezithelo, imango weevil ne-tip wilter, inkathazo ezihlahleni ezincane.
Translated by Nsika Khoza