Ti mango i mihandzu leyi cinca cincaka lembe na lembe, laha wunga kotaka ku humesa mihandzu leyikulu eka lembe rin’we kutani yi hunguta mbuyelo hikwalomu ka 25% eka lembe leritaka. Misinya yi teka kwalomu ka malembe yanharhu kuya eka mune loko yingase sungula kuveka mihandzu naswona leswi swiya hi ndzhawu kun’wana swinga teka nhungu wa malembe. Leswi i ntiyiso ngopfu ngopfu eka ndzhawu ya Hoedspruit exifundzheni xa Limpopo, loko e Clanwilliam swinga teka kwalomu ka 12 wa malembe kuva nsinya wukula wukota ku veka mihandzu leyi wuyifikelaka.
Maxelo ya ti Mango
Misintya ta ti mango yinga kondzelela maxelo yo hambana hambana- kusuka eka yo hisa kuya eka yotitimela kumbe yo oma. Swingaleswi, yinga byariwa eka tindzhawu letikulu ta Afrika Dzonga. Mahiselo lawa ti mango tinga hanyaka kahle hiloko yari exikarhi ka 5°C kuya eka 45°C, kambe mahiselo ya kahle ya siku ya fanele yava exikarhi ka 27°C kuya eka 36°C.
Ti mango tikondzelela swiyimo swa ndzhongho xikan’we nalaha kunga oma kambe kutsakama kakahle hiloko kuri ehansi ka 55% kusuka hi October kufikela mihandzu yitshoveriwa eka tinhweti ta December kuya eka March.
Ti mango ti tirha kahle eka tindzhawu letinga oma hi nhweti ya ximun’wani kuya ekusunguleni ka ximumu tanui hileswi mabilomu na mihandzu swichavana ngopfu mavabyi ya fungal lawa ya tumbulukaka laha kungana kutsakama.
Hlawula tindzhawu letinga sirheleriwa moya kumbe swo sivela moya ekusuhi na swirhapa swa ti mango. Moya wu vanga kuva mihandzu yi halahaleka xikan’we naku dzudziwa ka mihandzu. Nhlonge ya muhandzu yinga vaviseka hikwalaho ka moya leswinga vangaka kuva yi ngheniwa hi mavabyi ya fungi na nhlaselo wati bacteria. Sivela ku onha ka moya hikuva u byala leswingata sivela moya naku byala misinya yi tsemakanya kuya hi laha moya wu belaka kona.
Ku Byala ti Mango
Hlawula swimilani swotiyela kusuka eka vaxavisi lava tivekaka. Kambela matluka na mabilomu, ti internodes, lomu ku hlanganaka marhavi xikan’we na mpfangano wa misava xikan’we timintsu ta nsinya.
Vulavisisi byo enta bya misava loko kungase byariwa byita kombisa swakudya na nkayivelo wa swona eka nsimu yaleyo. Leswi swinga lulamisiwa hinkarhi wa ndzulamiso wa misava loko kungase byariwa kutani switlhela swi engetiwa nakambe hi nguva yobyala kuya hi ndzavisiso.
Ti mango tifanele kubyariwa endzhaku ka nguva ya xixika nay a timpfula - August kuya eka September hitona tinhweti ta kahle. Xipesi exikarhi ka misinya xiya hi kukula ka muxaka lowu byariwaka naswona xinga sukela eka 12 x 12 m hiku hambana kuya eka 2.5 x 2.5 m hiku leha laha misinya yinga tlhuma.
Endzhaku ko byala, ti mango tiva na timintsu to tiya letinga fikaka eka 6 m hivu enti.
Misinya yati mango yikula naku humelerisa kahle mihandzu eka tinxaka to hambana hambana ta misava kambe leyi ya sandy loam kumbe loam (leyingana vumbabya kwalomu ka 15 kuya eka 25%) hiyona ya kahle. Misava leyinga gandleka yifanele ku papalatiwa xikan’we na misava leyinga talaka hi mati. pH ya 6 - 7.2 ya amukeleka.
Maendlelo ya Vulawuri bya ti Mango
Kuya hi marimelo, muxaka, mafambiselo, ndlela ya malawulelo swikatsa magoza yofana na ku nonisa misava, ncheleto, ku tsemeta, nsirhelelo wa swimilani na swin’wani swotala. Kuna swin’wani leswi langutiwaka. Vuxokoxoko byo enta bya switsundzuxo byinga kumeka hikuva uva xiphemu xa mintlawa xikan’we na vatsundzuxi va swavurimi.
Misinya ya ti mango yi humesa mabilomu kwalomuya ka 28 wa masiku. Hambi leswi misinya leyi yi endlaka pollination hi yoxe nakambe yitlhela yi endliwa pollination hi moya na switsotswani, va Agricultural Research Council (ARC) vahlohletela kuva pollination yi endliwa hi tinyoxi eka misinya ya ti mango eka 3 kuya eka 15 wa mabaku/ha.
Misinya ya mango ya tsemetiwa endzhaku ka ntshovelo kutani marhavi hinkwawo lawantsongo ya khomaka ti mango ya tsemiwa. Kutsemeta swi endleriwa leswaku nsinya wuta kota ku ngheneriwa kahle hi miseve ya dyambu exikarhi ka nsinya naku susa marhavi yak hale ku hlohletela leswaku kutava na lawantshwa lawa kulaka.
Ku nonisiwa ka misava, kuya hi ndzavisiso wa misava na matluka, switala ku endliwa endzhaku ka ntshovelo.
Ku sirhelela ti mango eka mavabyi yofana na anthracnose nati fruit flies swi endliwa kahle hiku landzelela nongonoko wa vulawuri bya switsotswani. Ti khemikali leti tirhisiwaka eka misinya leyi yifanele kuva yi tsarisiwile naswona swina nkoka kulandzelela maendlelo lawa fambelanaka na ku fafazela misinya xikan’we na swipimelo swa timakete.
Hambi leswi misinya ya ti mango yi kondzelelaka dyandza, ncheleto wu antswisa mbuyelo na vukulu bya muhandzu. Muxaka na nongonoko wa nchelelto wuya hi swilo swofana na muxaka wa misava, malawulelo xikan’we na maxelo, naswona swikahle kuva ku burisaniwa na mutivi eka swa nchelelto. Havumbirhi ncheleto lowukulu na wa drip swa tirhisiwa e Afrika Dzonga.
Switsotswani na Mavabyi ya ti Mango
Anthracnose i mavabyi ya ntolovelo swinene lawa ya hlaselaka ti mango endzhaku ka ntshovelo naswona wuhlasela tinxaka hinkwato laha ya vonakaka hi swicoticoti swa buraweni kuya eka ntima eka matluka. Ti mango tinge khumbeki ngopfu eka tindzhawu leti hisaka laha yi hatlaka yikula na laha tinga cikinyeki e nsinyeni eka nguva hinkwayo ya timpfula.
Bacterial black spot i mavabyi yan’wana lawa ya fambelanaka na timpfula naswona yanga tshunguriwa hikuva ku fafazeriwa hi mufafazelo wa koporo. Swikoweto swa mavabyi lawa swivonaka eka muhandzu. Powdery mildew i mavabyi ya fungal lawa ya vonakaka tani hi swipatsu swobasa eka swirhabyani, matluka, mabilomu na muhandzu.
Switsotswana swa ti mango swikatsa ti fruit fly, mango weevil na tip wilter, lexi kunga switsotswana swale misinyeni leyintsongo.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni