I-Grapefruit yi-hybrid itlanywe ngokobana kuhlanganiswe umhlobo osudu we-pummelo owaziya nge-pomelo. Njengomunye omhlobo omutjha ongezelelwe emndenini wama-citrus, kanye ne-grapefruit eyatlhadlhulwa kokuthoma ngonyaka ka-1750, mfundisi u-Griffith Hughes e-ISLAND ye-Barbados. Khabe ayibiza bona yi-forbidden fruit ye-Bardos, ngebanga lokobana abantu gade basihlobana nomuthi wobuhle nobumbi wesimini ye-Eden.
Wasithiya bona yi-grapefruit, ngebanga lokobana isthelwesi besikhula njengamadiribe. Ama-holticulturalist we-America ekuthomeni gade afuna ukubiza isthelwesi - “Pomegrapelo”, kodwana ibizweli balitjhugulula ngombana gade balihlangahlanganisa nomhlobo westjalo i-“Pomegrapelo”, njeka basala basebenzisa ibizo lee-grapefruit.
Umkhiqizo Othunyelwa Eentjhabatjhabeni
I-Grapefruit ithanda indawo enobujamo bezulu obu-subtropical. Inarha ye-China ikhamba phambili ngokukhiqiza isthelwezi. Ngonyaka ka-2018, ikhiqiza incenye yama-grapefruit akhiqizwa ephasini. Inarha ye-United States, engeyesibili ngobukhulu ukukhiqiza, isthelwesi, begodu ikhiqize i-8% yomkhiqizo opheleleko.
Ngaphandle kukobana bathole i-4% yomkhiqizo woke opheleleko, iSewula Africa ithumela i-25% yawo woke umkhiqizo osiwa ngaphandle ngonyaka ka-2018. Lokhu kwenza bona kube yinarha ekhamba phambili ukufikela gadesi eyathumela ngaphandle iinthelwezi. Inarha ye-China yathatha indawo yesibili, yakhiqiza i-12,% yayo yoke imikhiqizo ehunyelwa eenarheni zangaphandle.
Inarha ye-Netherlands, yinarha ekhamba phambili ngokukhiqiza isthelo se-grapefruit, begodu ikhiqize i-16.6 %, yawo woke ama-grapefruit athunyelwa eenarheni ezinye ukwenzela bona apekwe bekaphakethelwe. Nanyana kunjalo kutlhogeka kobana kukhunjulwee kobana i-Netherland ivamise kobana ithumele iinthelwezi kwezinye iinarha ze-Europe. Inarha ye-Russia ilandela ye-Netherlands nge-10% yama-grpefruit athunyelwa kwezinye iinarha.
Umkhiqizo weSewula Africa
Ngonyaka ka-2018, iSewula Africa, kanye ne-Zimbabwe, ibe namahekuthara ayi-7 886 atloliselwe kobana athunyelwe kwezinye iinarha, njengobana kuthulwr yihlangano ye-Citrus Growers Association. I-50 % yendawo le, isesifundeni se-Limpopo, okwenza bona ibe yindawo ekulu esifundenesi ukukhiqiza isthelwesi, ilandelwe sifunda se-Mpumalanga esikhiqiza i-20%.
Isifunda saKwaZulu-Natal sathatha indawo yesithathu nge-9% yomkhiqizo. Lokha isifunda se-Northern Cape kanye nenarha ye-Swazini, zikhiqiza i-6% kanye ne-5%, begodu zitlolisiwe kobana zithumela iinarhezi ngaphandle. Inarha yeZimbabwe inenarha eyi-118 yamahekuthara atloliswe kobana zingathumela iinthelwezi ngaphandle.
Imihlobo Yawo
Imihlobo yawo eminengi iyatjalwa, begodu u-Star Ruby kanye no-Marsh ngezithandwa khulu. I-Star Ruby iletha i-80% yendawo yoke etloliselwe kobana ithumele iinthelwezi ngonyaka ka-2018. Lokha i-Marsh ithatha indawo yesibili, ngendawo eyi-10%.
I-Star Ruby yatlanywa ngu-Dr Dick Hensz enarheni ye-Texas ngokusebenzisa imbewu ye-Hudson grapefruit. Umhlobo lo, wakhitjhwa ngonyaka ka-1970, lapha iimbewu zokuthoma ezilisumi nambili zalethwa lapha eSewula Africa ngonyaka ka-1972.
Isthelwesi sinesikhumba esibutjhelelezi esisarulana esibomvu ngemva, sibebomvu khulu ngaphakathi. Umhlobo lo muhle khulu eSewula Africa, kunenarha ye-United States, begodu ikhiqiza isthelo esinganantanga.
I-Marsh yathulwa ngu-CM Marsh enarheni ye-Florida ngeminyaka yabo-1860, ithathwe embewini ebuya emthini we-Duncan endaweni ka-Mrs Rushing. Wathatha umuthi westhelesi wawutjala, ngebanga lokabona wabona kobana awunambewu, wathoma wathengisa imitjhana leyo. Isthelwesi sikhulu, simhlophe, asinambewu begodu sidliwa sifretjhi nanyana kwenziwa ngaso Ijuzi, gade kusitjalo esikhamba phambili ngokobana sitjalwe enarheni yeSewula Africa.
iSkhathi Sokuwutjala
Isikhathi skutjala iinthelwezi eSewula Africa sithoma ngoMhlolanja ukuya kuVelabahlinze, okuya ngokobana kutjalwe umhlobo bani nokobana ubujamo bezulu bunjani.
Iimaraga
Ama-grapefruit amanengi enarheni yeSewula Africa athengiswa eenrheni zangaphandle, lokha iimaraga ekurhwetjelana nazo pheze gade ziyi-70% sele ziphelele.
I-Europe yinarha ekhamba phambili ngokuthumela iinthelwezi eenarheni ezinye, lapha yathumela khona i-40% yomthamo wazo ngonyaka ka-2017, lapaha inarha ye-Asia yona yathumela i-25% yomthamo.
Ukusetjenziswa Kwaso
Isthelo se-grapefrit siqhuqile. Singadliwa njengokudla kwekseni, njenge-snak nanyana sosetjenzzielwe ukwenza amasaladi. Kungenziwa nangaso ama-tarts, amajli, marmaladee kanye nenselo.
Ngesinye senthelo eezinganonisi, kodwana ezizele izakhimzimba kanye nemithiya, okungelinye lamabanga wokobana sivamise kobana sifakwe ekudleni okunciphisa umzimba. Sizele amanzi, okwenza bona siqede ukoma.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana